UNn/ERSITYo/*  CALIFORNIA 


•All» 
BEQUEST  OF 


$]  I/SAMUELBENEDICTCHRISTY 

PROFESSOR  OF 

MINING  AND  METALLURGY 
1885-1914 


MODERN    METHODS 
OF     PRODUCING     COAL 


Chasmar-Winchell     New  York  anJ  Pittsburgh 


M     O      D      E      B^    N 
METHODS 

OF         PRODUCING 

COAL 


CATALOGUE 


C  «=t,  t  £*  I 

Code     word 
I        A.DER- 


C     O 


2. 

c 

Vf  A  X  VFA  CTU  B^ED 

ULLIV 


O 


NT 


N 


N 


4 

+ 


J 


Copyrighted  1902 

by  the 
SULLIVAN  MACHINERY  COMPANY 


Sullivan     M  a  c  h  i  n  e  r  y    C  o  m  p  a  n  y 


Works 
Claremont,   N.   H.  Chicago,  111. 

General   Offices 
135  Adams  Street,  Chicago,  111.,  U.  S.  A. 

Branch    Offices 
New  York  City,   71    Broadway 

Pittsburg,  Pa.,  339   Fifth  Avenue 

Denver,  Colo.,  431   Seventeenth  Street 

Spokane,  Wash.,  S  101    Howard  Street 

El  Paso,  Texas,  306  St.  Louis  Street 


Cable  Address,  "  DIAMOND  CHICAGO  " 


Codes  used Ai,    ABC,    Fraser    fcf    Chalmers,    Liebers,    Commercial 

Directory,   Western   Union 


A  list  of  code  words   pertaining  to  coal  mines  is  given 
on.pages  67  to  69. 


The 

Sullivan  Machinery  Company 

also  manufactures 

Diamond   Core  Drills 

for    the    economical    and    rapid  prospecting  of 
coal  and  mineral  lands 

Air  .Compressors 
Channeling  Machines 

for  quarrying  dimension   stone 

Rock   Drills 

for  the  excavation  of  rock 
Corliss   Engines 
Winding  Engines 

for  hoisting  and  hauling 

Fans 

for   ventilating  mines 

Automatic   Cross-over   Dumps 


Special  catalogues  are  issued  illustrating  and  describing  each 
of  the  above  classes  of  machinery,  copies  of  which  may  be 
obtained  upon  request. 


Several  interesting-  tables  regarding  the  bittftninous  coal 
production  of  the  United  States  are  given  on  pages  73  to  76. 


Table       of      Content 


Page 

Introductory      ....  .11 

Machines  Used  in  and  about  Coal  Mines  13 

Pick  Machines            ...  .21 

Shearing  Machines        .         .  35 

Electric  Chain  Machines  .       43 

Long  Wall  Machines     .  61 

Air  Compressors       .         .  .81 

Air  Receivers        ...  107 

Diamond  Prospecting  Core  Drills  .      in 

Rock  Drills  125 

Automatic  Dumps     .         .  135 

Ventilating  Fans            .  141 

Winding  Engines      .  147 

Index      .  152 


An  index  is  given  on  page   152 


INTRODUCTORY 


N  presenting  this  illustrated  catalogue  descriptive 
of  the  Sullivan  Coal  Mining  Machines,  it  is  de- 
sired to  show  some  of  the  fundamental  features 
upon  which  superiority  is  claimed.  In  a  book  of 
this  character  it  is  impossible  to  go  into  every  detail,  but  if 
it  arouses  interest  in  the  machinery  it  serves  its  purpose. 
As  the  efficiency  of  nearly  every  machine  is  dependent 
upon  local  conditions,  it  is  suggested  that  prospective  pur- 
chasers permit  examination  of  the  properties,  that  the 
company  may  be  in  position  to  state  definitely  just  what 
may  be  expected  from  the  machines,  aside  from  the  fact 
that  a  personal  interview  is  always  preferable  to  corre- 
spondence. 

In  the  Sullivan  and  Bullock  machinery  only  the  best 
materials  obtainable  are  used,  and  modern  methods  govern 
their  manufacture.  No  expense  has  been  spared  to  make 
all  products  as  simple,  durable  and  efficient  as  possible; 
all  parts  being  made  to  jigs  and  templates,  are  perfectly 
interchangeable. 

As  will  be  noticed,  the  line  of  coal  mining  machinery  is 
considerably  larger  than  that  of  any  other  manufacturer. 
The  policy  of  the  company  is  strictly  one  of  advancement. 
Improvements  are  constantly  being  made  and  new  machines 
developed  as  conditions  change.  The  closest  scrutiny  is 
courted  of  the  entire  line  of  manufacture,  and  correspondence 
bearing  on  this  subject  will  receive  prompt  and  courteous 
attention. 

SULLIVAN    MACHINERY    COMPANY 


June  i,  1902 


Official  mining-  scales  showing  the  differentials  between 
pick  and  machine  mining-  are  given  on  pages  71   and  72. 


Sullivan   M  a  c  h  i  n  e  s   Used 
in   and   about   Coal   M  i  n  e  s 


A       Few       Facts       Briefly       Stated 

OME  few  years  ago, 
after  a  careful  exam- 
ination and  study  of 
the  conditions 
governing"  coal 
mines,  the  com- 
pany became 
convinced  that 
the  coal  of  the 
future  would  be  generally  mined  by  mechanical  methods, 
not  only  on  account  of  the  saving  in  the  cost  of  pro- 
duction, but  for  several  other  reasons  enumerated  later. 
Then  began  the  designing  and  manufacturing  of  a 
machine  which  would  successfully  and  economically  meet 
the  requirements.  At  that  time  there  were  several  coal 
cutting  machines  on  the  market,  but  for  one  reason  or 
another  they  had  met  with  only  partial  success.  In  devel- 
oping the  Sullivan  Coal  Cutting  'Machine,  the  aim  was 
not  to  produce  a  machine  the  utility  of  which  would 
be  more  or  less  limited  and  which  could  only  be  used 
under  favorable  conditions,  but  one  which  would  work 
successfully  in  any  place  accessible  to  a  pick  miner.  With 
between  thirty  and  forty  years  of  experience  in  the 
successful  manufacture  of  rock  working  machinery  where 
the  conditions  were  far  more  severe  than  in  coal  mines, 
the  well-known  and  tested  principles  of  these  machines 
were  brought  to  bear  in  designing  the  coal  cutting 
machinery. 

This  was  the  beginning  of  the  Sullivan  Pick  Machine, 
and  its  immediate  acceptance  alike  by  the  operator  and 
miner  was  most  gratifying.  It  was  only  about  five  years 


ago   that  this  new  and  untried  machine  was  placed  on  the 
market,   and  to-day  it  stands  alone  at  the  head  of  its  class, 

with  a  reputation  more  ex- 
tensive, and  with  greater 
sales  to  its  credit,  than 
machines  which  have  been 
before  the  public  for  nearly 
a  score  of  years. 

The  endeavor  has  been 
to  make  the  line  of  manu- 
facture so  complete  that,  no  matter 
how    unusual    or    irregular    the    conditions, 
a   machine   could    be    procurable   specially   adapted    to    the 
requirements. 

The  company  appreciates  that  the  Electric  Chain 
Machine  possesses  some  advantages  over  the  Pick  Machine, 
though  its  use  is  more  limited,  and  has  therefore  designed 
a  radical  departure  from  the  existing  machines,  which  is 
here  presented  for  the  first  time. 

The  idea  in  manufacturing  both  types  of  these  machines 
was,  primarily,  to  be  placed  in  a  neutral  position,  in  order 
to  candidly  advise  a  prospective  purchaser  which  is  pref- 
erable and  the  better  suited  to  existing  conditions.  The 
statements  made  by  manufacturers  producing  only  one  type 
of  machinery  are  naturally  biased  and  more  or  less  preju- 
diced, while  the  Sullivan  Machinery  Company,  manufac- 
turer of  both  types,  is 
enabled  to  give  an  un- 
biased and  unprejudiced 
opinion  which  should  be 
entitled  to  the  most  care- 
ful consideration.  Gener- 
ally, upon  learning  of  the 

contemplated   introduction  -         ^W  •  ~ -*3^ 

of  coal  cutting  machinery, 
an  expert  is  sent  to  make 
a   complete  examination  of  the   property.      Practically  con- 
fined to  the  making  of  such  examinations,  a  great  fund  of 

14 


experience  is  at  hand  from  which  to  draw  conclusions,  and 
hence  this  expert  opinion  is  of  value  and  should  be 
a  reliable  guide  to  purchasers;  but  should  extraordinary 
conditions  be  encountered, 
where  machine  mining  of 
any  sort  would  be  considered 
impracticable,  it  will  unhesi- 
tatingly be  so  stated. 

Managers  of  pick  or  hand  mines  should  bear  in  mind 
that  coal  cutting  machines  offer  several  more  points  of 
advantage  than  merely  a  reduction  in  the  cost  of  the  coal 
on  the  mine  car.  In  pick  mines  nearly  every  employee 
is  a  skilled  workman  requiring  several  years  of  experience 
before  being  able  to  perform  good  work.  The  use  of 
machines  reduces  the  proportion  of  this  skilled  labor  and 
at  the  same  time  increases  the  productive  capacity  per 
capita.  This  means  that,  for  a  given  tonnage,  fewer  miners 
are  necessary,  resulting  in  less  dissension  between  employer 
and  employee,  a  smaller  investment  for  houses,  etcetera; 
in  fact,  the  saving  in  the  number  and  the  cost  of  house.s 
alone  will  usually  pay  for  a  coal  cutting  machine  plant. 
Further,  in  machine  worked  mines  the  work  is  more 
concentrated,  resulting  in  less  area  to  support,  drain  and 
ventilate. 

The  SULLIVAN  PICK  MACHINE  OR  PUNCHER  has  even 
surpassed  all  expectations  as  regards  sales,  efficiency, 
durability,  and  ease  of  operation.  The  company  is  the 
pioneer  in  the  introduction  of  compressed  air  cushions  into 

this  class  of  machinery,  thus 
permitting  a  harder  blow 
and  accomplishing  greater 
work  with  less  jar  and  less 
fatigue  to  the  runner.  To 
one  company  alone  has  been 
sold  over  450  machines,  to 
several  others  more  than  100  each,  and  to  many  others  from 
10  to  25  machines  each.  Unless  this  machine  actually 
possessed  exceptional  merit  it  could  not  continue  to  receive 

15 


Automatic 

Cross-over 

Dump 


the  patronage  of  the  larg- 
est producers  of  coal  in 
this  country  ;  in  several 
cases  the  thirtieth  repeat 
order  for  Sullivan  Pick 
Machines  has  been  re- 
ceived. 

The  SULLIVAN  SHEARING  MACHINE 'has  also  made  a  great 
name  for  itself,  having  proven  especially  valuable  where 
the  coal  shoots  freely  from  the  solid  or  where  the  shearing 
of  headings  is  an  important  factor.  It  is  simply  a  pick 
machine  with  the  valve  motion  adjusted  to  strike  more 
rapidly,  and  is  mounted  on  a  truck  so  arranged  that  the 
machine  never  leaves  the  mine  track,  the  cutting  mechanism 
being  moved  in  a  vertical  plane,  at  the  same  time  fed  for- 
ward by  means  of  a  chain. 
The  SULLIVAN  ELECTRIC 
CHAIN  MACHINE  is  practi- 
cally a  long  wall  machine 
adapted  to  the  room  and 
pillar  system. 

It  has  long  been  recognized  by  students  of  this  type  of 
machine  that  the  older  makes  consume  too  much  time  in 
being  moved  across  the  face  of  the  room,  and  in  the  conse- 
quent necessary  setting  and  re-setting  of  the  jacks;  in  fact, 
over  fifty  per  cent,  of  the  time  is  lost  in  this  way;  these 
machines  also  require  that  a  great  area  of  top  be  sustained, 
making  it  both  hazardous  to  men  and  machine  to  work  under 
the  usual  roof  conditions.  In  the  Sullivan  these  serious 
drawbacks  have  been  eliminated,  as  the  machine  propels 
itself  across  the  face,  there  being  no  pause  in  the  cutting 
until  the  room  is  finished,  and  in  addition  it  requires  that  less 
than  one-half  the  usual  space  be  maintained  between  the  face 

of  the  coal  and  the  props. 
This  machine  also  pos- 
sesses other  points  of 
unique  merit  which  are 
discussed  later  in  detail. 


JB 


The    SULLIVAN    LONG    WALL    MACHINE    is    a    new 
departure    designed    to    meet    the    growing    demand 
for   such    a  machine.      Until   recently   long 
wall    mining    has   been    little    followed    in 
this    country,    but   under    especial   require- 
ments a  number  of  mines  have  lately  been 
opened  on  this  system,  and  hence  _ 

a  machine  has  been  built  to  meet 
these  new  conditions. 

Herein  will  be  found  described 
the  WILSON  AND  MITCHELL  AUTO- 
MATIC Cross-ovER  DUMPS  for  the 
rapid  and  economical  dumping  of  mine  cars.  These  devices 
have  been  on  the  market  for  a  long  time  and 
are  used  in  nearly  every  coal  producing  district 
in  this  country,  hence  are  too  well  and  favor- 
ably known  to  require  any  further  comment. 
The  SULLIVAN  DIAMOND  DRILL  for  prospect- 
ing coal  and  mineral  lands,  and  the  SULLIVAN 
ROCK  DRILL  for  mechanically  drilling  holes 
through  faults  or  for  blasting  up  bottom 
and  blasting  down  roof  in  coal  mines,  are 
also  discussed  briefly  in  this  catalogue, 
though  a  special  catalogue  of  these 
machines  may  be  obtained  upon  request. 
In  the  standard  straight  line  SULLIVAN  AIR  COM- 
PRESSOR the  air  is  compressed  in  two  stages,  thus  better 
distributing  the  strain  upon  the  machine  than  if  the  entire 
compreSvSion  was  done  in  a  single  cylinder.  Between  the  two 
air  cylinders  an  intercooler  is  placed,  by  means  of  which  the 
air  during  the  process  of  compression  is  kept  at  a  low 
temperature,  with  a  consequent  economy  in  the  consumption 
of  steam  energy.  The  intake 
valves  in  the  low  pressure  air 
cylinders  are  opened  mechan- 
ically, and  being  of  large  area 
insure  the  cylinder  filling 
quickly  with  cool  air. 


Diamond 
Drill 


Ail- 
Compressor 


About  February  i,  1901, 
the  company  acquired  the  en- 
tire plant  and  business  of  the 
M.  C.  Bullock  Manufacturing 
Company,  of  Chicago,  Illinois, 
who  enjoyed  an  .  enviable  reputation  as  manufacturers  of 
the  Bullock  Diamond  Drills,  Champion  Mine  Ventilators, 
and  Hoisting  and  Hauling  Engines.  A  special  catalogue 
is  issued  descriptive  of  these  machines,  which  may  be 
obtained  upon  request. 


Hoistms 
Engine 


Champion  Ventilator 


18 


COAL  CUTTING 
MACHINES 
DRIVEN  BY  COM 
PRESSED  AlfL 


20 


The      Sullivan      Pick      Machine 


For        the        Mining          of        Coal 


HE  principle  of  the 
striking  machine 
or  puncher  is  an 
old  one.  It  is  sim- 
ply a  reciprocating 
engine  mounted 
on  wheels  and  set 
upon  a  platform, 
elevated  at  the 
rear  end  to  counteract  the  recoil  of  the  machine  when 
striking  the  coal.  The  runner  sits  on  the  platform  and  clogs 
the  wheels  with  either  foot,  at  the  same  time  directing  the 
blows. of  the  machine  to  the  proper  place.  This  is  the  ideal 
type  of  coal  cutting  machine,  as  it  will  work  successfully  in 
any  place  accessible  to  a  pick  miner,  and  works  equally  well 
either  on  breast  or  rib,  in  cutting  around  props,  or  in  dis- 
lodging such  sulphur  bands  or  balls  as  may  occur  in  the 
mining.  By  substituting  higher  wheels  for  the  low  mining 
wheels,  vertical  cuts  or  shearings  may  be  advantageously 
made,  thus  constituting  it  an  all-round  machine.  If  many 
shearings  are  to  be  made,  the  Sullivan  Shearing  Machine, 
described  on  page  35,  and  which  has  been  especially  con- 
structed for  this  purpose,  is  highly  recommended. 

The  Sullivan  Pick  Machine  placed  on  the  market  some 
five  years  ago,  while  broadly  following  the  old  ideas,  departed 
in  nearly  every  detail  from  the  then  existing  pick  machines, 
so  that  practically  a  new  principle  in  coal  cutting  was 
originated. 

This  company  was  first  to  recognize  the  advantages  of 
using  compressed  air  expansively,  thus  securing  greater 
economy.  By  adjusting  the  index  lever  on  the  rear  cylinder 
head,  the  air  may  be  carried  at  will  from  one-half  to  five- 
sixths  of  the  stroke  and  then  cut  off  and  the  balance  of  the 


stroke  continued  by  the  expansion  of  the  air.  This  feature, 
besides  the  economy  of  power,  permits  of  the  operation  of 
the  machine  on  a  very  wide  range  of  pressure,  as  it  works 
equally  well  under  high  or  low  pressure  and  at  the  same  time 
strikes  a  hard  and  effective  blow.  Until  the  introduction  of 
the  Sullivan,  all  other  pick  machines  protected  the  cylinder 
heads  from  the  blow  of  the  piston  by  means  of  leather  or 
rubber  buffers,  which,  being  imperfectly  elastic,  only  partially 
served  the  purpose,  and  the  machine  itself  had  to  stand  a 
large  portion  of  the  shock.  By 
reason  of  this  fact,  the  force  of 
the  blow  was  of  necessity 
limited,  or  else  damage 
was  sure  to  result 
to  the  machine,  and 
in  addition,  the  cost 
of  replacing  the 
buffers  became  a 
serious  item  of  ex- 
pense. 

At  the  start, 
only  logical  prin< 
of  cutting  coal  w! 
this  type  of  machij 
was  adopted,  viz., 
a  slow  but  hard  blow,  making  eacH^ilow  count.  The  hard 
blow,  without  damage  to  the  machine,  was  made  possible 
only  through  the  introduction  of  air  cushions.  The  first 
Sullivan  possessed  this  unique  feature,  and  the  way  in 
which  it  has  been  copied  by  competitors  proves  that  it  was 
and  is  of  especial  value.  We  have  observed,  in  fast-running 
pick  machines,  where  above  190  strokes  per  minute  are 
delivered,  that  a  large  proportion  of  the  blows  are  struck  at 
random,  causing  pockets  in  the  rear  end  of  the  cut,  greatly 
punishing  the  mnner  in  throwing  him  around  the  board, 
and  retarding  the  smooth  running  of  the  machine,  besides 
which  each  misdirected  blow  is  a  waste  of  physical  and 
mechanical  energy.  The  Sullivan,  having  a  slow  recovery 


Rear  view 
showing 
index  levers 
for  adjust- 
ing speed 
and  stroke 
of  machine 


'•••» 


and  a  quick  forward  stroke,  allows  a  pause  between  each 
blow,  during"  which  the  machine  may  be  directed  to  strike 
exactly  where  desired,  and  the  blow  being-  of  great  force, 
results  in  the  maximum  work  being  accomplished. 

The  governing-  is  done  upon  the  back  or  return  stroke, 
which  is  so  arranged  that  the  machine  delivers  the  same 
number  of  blows  whether  away  from  or  against  the  coal. 
In  the  first  machine,  the  governor  was  adjusted  to  reduce  the 
speed  of  the  machine  whenever  the  coal  was  missed.  This 
was  first  thought  to  be  an  economical  arrangement,  but  it 
was  quickly  ascertained  that  a  varying  speed  seriously  affects 
the  running  balance  of  the  machine. 

The  valve  motion  in  the  Sullivan  is  positive,  being  so 
constructed  that  a  wide  range  in  the  speed  may  be  obtained 
by  moving  a  pointer  on  the  back  of  the  valve  chest.  A 
runner  starting  a  new  machine  regulates  the  number  of 
blows  by  means  of  this  pointer  until  it  suits  his  individual 
taste,  after  which  no  further  adjustment  is  necessary  until 
another  man  takes  his  place.  In  the  Sullivan,  the  number  of 
blows  is  absolutely  independent  of  their  force,  and  it  is  just 
as  easy  to  secure  easy  blows  as  those  more  rapid  or  of 
greater  force. 

As  previously  mentioned,  the  Sullivan  Pick  Machine 
contains  a  valve  motion  actuated  by  the  piston,  which  in  the 
event  of  the  pick  sticking  causes  the  cylinder  to  become  the 
reciprocating  part,  which  results  in  so-called  "racing"  and 
is  somewhat  criticised  by  inexperienced  hands.  Instead  of 
this  feature  being  detrimental  to  the  machine  or  its  operator, 
it  is  one  of  the  factors  that  have  made  the  Sullivan  so 
eminently  successful,  as  one  or  two  strokes  of  the  machine 
is  all  that  is  necessary  to  free  the  pick,  no  matter  how 
tightly  wedged  into  the  coal,  while  with  the  others  it  is  often 
necessary  to  loosen  the  machine  with  a  hand  pick.  Further, 
the  positive  movement  is  taken  advantage  of  by  skilled 
cutters,  as  it  saves  a  great  many  of  the  heavy  lifts  with  the 
other  machines,  and  after  a  miner  once  becomes  accustomed 
to  the  Sullivan  he  is  unwilling  to  use  any  other  pick  machine. 
Pick  machines  having  independent  valve  motions  are  subject 

25 


I     „ 


3  I 


to  heavy  recoils  or  kicking-  in  the  event  of  the  pick  becoming 
stuck,  however  slightly,  in  the  coal.     Under  these  conditions, 
the   valve   motion    continues    at    a    uniform    rate    of    speed, 
admitting  air  into  the  cylinder  for  the  forward  stroke 
before  the  return   stroke  has  been  completed,   thus 
resulting  in  a  weak  blow  accompanied  by  a  heavy 
recoil. 

Rebabbitting 

The  Sullivan  machine  is  made   so  that  it  may  Mandrel 

exhaust  on  either  or  both  sides  at  pleasure,  thus 
permitting  the  slack  shoveler  or  scraper  to  work 
either  right  or  left  handed  without  being  annoyed 
by  the  vapor  from  the  exhaust. 

The  machine  contains  no   front  bushing  in  the 
trunk  or  sleeve  to  guide  the  piston  and  to  keep  it 
from  turning,  but  instead  the  trunk  itself  is  babbitted 
and  when  worn  out  may  be  rebabbitted  at  a  trifling  expense. 
The  number  of  moving  parts  in  this  machine  is  few,  and  they 
are  made  so  as  to  present  large  wearing  surfaces,  provision 
being  made  for  taking  up  all  wear,  thus  reducing  to  a  mini- 
mum the  cost  of  repairs.     All  joints  are  scraped  or  ground  so 
that  no  gaskets  of  any  kind  are  required  to  make  them  tight. 

A    table  is  given  on  page  yy   showing  the  compressed  air 
requirements  of  from  one  to  forty  Sullivan  Pick  Machines. 


27 


28 


List  of  Paris  of  Sullivan  Pick  Machine  as 
shown    in    Sectional   View   on   opposite  page 


X100  Piston  (bare) 

X101  Piston  ring  (4) 

X102  Piston  ring  spring  (2) 

X103  Set  screw  for  X104 

X104  Rifle  nut 

X105  Rifle  bar  with  gear 

X106  Seat  for  XI 09 

X107  Spring  pointer  for  X108 

X108  Stem  for  adjusting  X106 

XI 09  Reverse  valve 

X110  Valve  plate 

Xlll  Cover  over  X110 

X112  Handle  (2) 

X113  Spiral  spring  for  X115 

XI 14  Regulating  valve 

X115  Index  lever  for  X114 

X116  Head  (bare)  for  X127 

XI 17  Packing  leather   (large)  for 
X123 

X118  Ring  for  X117 

X119  Cap  screw  51/  in.  long  (2) 

X120  Binding  screw  for  X118  and 
X122  (2) 

X121  Ring  for  X122 

X122  Packing  leather   (small)  for 
X123 


X123  Valve  (piston) 

X124  Buffer  for  X123 

X125  Cap  screw  3^  in.  long  (2) 

X126  Valve  (flat) 

X127  Steam  chest  (bare) 

XI 28  Cap  screw  3^  in.  long  (2) 

X129  Plug  in  top  of  X132 

X130  Check  valve  with  nut 

X131  Spiral  spring  for  X130 

X132  Holder  for  X130 

X133  Packing  leather  for  X130 

X134  Plug  for  oil  hole 

XI 35  Pick 

X136  Chuck 

X137  Head  (front)  for  X142  (bare) 

X138  Bolt  (4)  for  X137  and  Xlll 

X139  Bushing  in  X137 

X140  Packing  leather  for  X100 

X141  Collar  for  X140 

X142  Cylinder  (bare) 

X143  Wheel  (2) 

X144  Trunnion  (2)  for  X143 

X145  Washer  with  pin  (2)  for  X144 

X146  Clevis  bolt  (2)  for  X112 

X147  Drift  key  for  backing  out  pick 


The  numbers  of  parts  here  shown  are  for  identification  only. 

When  ordering  repair  parts,  the  number  stamped  or  cast 
on  part  should  be  given  and  the  class  number  and  letter  of  the 
machine  should  also  accompany  order. 


29 


List     Sullivan     Pick     M  a  c  h  i  n  e  s 


Class 

Bore  of          Depth  of 
Cylinder         Undercut 
inches               feet 

Weight 
pounds 

Code  Word  with 
Regular 
Equipment 

Number 

Letter 

1 

TT 

4^                   5/2 

800 

Halidion 

2 

TT 

4/2                   5/2                  700 

Halidito 

3 

TS 

4^                 4/2               500 

Halidome 

4 

TU 

5/8                5/2 

725 

Halidux 

5 

TU 

5/8                5/2               825 

Haligado 

6 

T  U 

5/8                6                  850 

Hali  gam 

The  following  equipment  is  furnished  with  each  machine : 


Long 
Handle 
Shovel 


One  throttle 

One  drift  key  for  backing  out  pick 

One  monkey  wrench 

One  hand  oil  can 

One  hand  hammer 

One  foot  clog 

One  long  handle  scraper's  shovel 


Throttle 


Foot  Clog 


In  addition  each  plant  is  furnished  with  a  complete  set 
of  solid  wrenches. 


List    Standard  Mining     W heels 

Diameter  Code  Word 
inches  for  Pair 

n^ Halibutt 

13         .         .         .         .  .         .         .  Halicaba 

15         .                   .  .         .         .  Halical 

17         .          .          .          .  .          .          .  Halicare 


List    Standard    Shearing     W^heels 

Diameter  Code  Word 

inches  for  Pair 

29         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         Haliban 

34         .......         Halibio 

40  .....         Haliborc 


Sullivan 

Air 

Hose 


The  SULLIVAN  AIR  HOSE  is  thoroughly  reliable,  and  unless 
specially  ordered  is  furnished  in  5o-foot  lengths  ;  for  the  sake 
of  greater  flexibility  no  wire  or  marline  winding  is  used, 
though  hose  with  either  of  these  windings  is  supplied  when 
desired. 

Code  word         .          .         .         Haligig 


SULLIVAN  PICKS  are  made  of  a  high  grade  of  domestic 
steel  which  has  been  found  to  give  the  best  results  in 
maintaining  the  cutting  edge,  and  as  they  are  drop  forged 
in  hardened  dies,  perfect  uniformity  results  and  the  shank 
always  accurately  fits  the  chuck  or  extension.  A  dozen 
or  more  picks  are  usually  required  for  each  machine. 


Code  word 


Haligush 


Truck  for 

Pick 

Machine 


To  move  pick  machines  from  place  to  place  within  a 
mine  a  light  truck  is  necessary,  which  is  furnished  at 
extra  cost  upon  request. 

In    ordering-,   give   gauge    of   track. 


Code  word 


Halimato 


33 


T'he    Sullivan    Shearing    Machine 


For 


S  h   e   a   r   i  n 


of         Coal 


T  has  been  ascer- 
tained that  in 
many  mines 
where  the  coal 
shoots  freely 
from  the  solid,  a 
vertical  cut  or 
shearing  in  the 
center  or  near 
the  rib  is  pro- 
ductive of  as 
.much  coarse 

coal  as  if  the  room  or  heading  had  been  undercut.  Under 
such  conditions  the  Sullivan  Shearing  Machine  is  a  decided 
success,  as  it  will  produce  nearly  double  the  tonnage  of  any 
undercutting  machine.  It  is  in  effect  a  Sullivan  Pick  Machine 
adjusted  to  strike  more  rapidly,  and  is  mounted  on  a  truck 
conforming  to  the  gauge  of  the  mine  track  and  so  arranged 
that  the  cutting  tool  may  be  moved  in  a  vertical  plane.  The 
machine  is  provided  with  two  sets  of  wheels,  one  set  fitted 
on  a  long  base,  to  be  used  during  the  process  of  cutting,  thus 
securing  stability  to  the  machine,  the  second  set  on  a  short 
base,  so  that  in  moving  the  machine  sharp  curves  may  readily 
be  turned.  Changes  from  one  set  of  wheels  to  the  other  may 
be  quickly  made,  the  movement  of  two  eccentrics  being  all  that 
is  necessary.  To  hold  the  machine  in  place  when  working, 
the  first  section  of  track,  which  is  always  carried  with  the 
machine  and  upon  which  it  works,  is  fastened  by  means  of  a 
jack  into  the  roof.  Parallel  to  the  rail  and  fastened  to  it  at 
both  ends  is  a  chain  which  engages  in  a  sprocket  operated 
from  above  by  a  crank  handle,  and  by  this  means  the  machine 
is  kept  up  against  the  work.  The  runner  stands  on  the  plat- 
form of  the  machine  and  with  the  crank  handle  in  his  right 


35 


3" 


hand  moves  the  cutting  tool  upward  or  downward,  and  with 
another  crank  handle  in  his  left  hand  feeds  the  machine  for- 
ward as  the  cut  advances. 

As  will  be  noticed,  the  Sullivan  Shearing"  Machine  ab- 
sorbs within  itself  all  the  recoil'  and  shock  of  the  blow,  and 
hence  the  runner  is  not  punished  nearly  as  much  as  with  the 
pick  machine  mounted  on  shearing  wheels.  Cutting  records 
of  from  seven  to  eight  shearings  seven  feet  deep,  in  coal  six 
and  one-half  to  seven  feet  in  height,  have  been  made  in  a 
shift.  The  machine  is  simple  in  construction  and  possesses 
all  the  valuable  features  of  the  pick  machine,  and  there  are 
no  weak  parts  to  cause  trouble  and  expense.  It  is  made  to 
conform  to  the  regular  gauge  of  the  mine  track,  and  will 
produce  cuts  from  five  to  eight  feet  in  depth.  The  same 
equipment  is  furnished  as  with  the  Sullivan  Pick  Machine. 

In  ordering,  or  requesting  information,  please  give  the 
height  of  the  coal  and  the  gauge  of  mine  track. 


List     Sullivan     Shearing     Machines 


Depth  of  Cut 
feet 


Code  Word 

Halimcder 
Halimcna 
Halimessi 
Halimintu 

Halimisli 
Halimisco 
Halimizen 


Sullivan  Shearing  Machine,  rear  view 


39 


HAULAGE  has  too  frequently  been  made  the  govern- 
ing issue  in  the  selection  of  a  power  plant  for  coal 
cutting  and  haulage.  Traction  haulage  is  usually  a 
satisfactory  investment  if  the  hauls  are  long  and  grades 
favorable,  but  it  rarely  shows  the  economies  made  possible 
by  the  use  of  coal  cutting  machines.  Many  cases  may  be 
cited  where  electric  plants  have  been  installed  because 
electric  traction  haulage  was  desirable,  when  the  conditions 
were  adverse  to  electric  chain  machine  mining  and  entirely 
favorable  to  compressed  air  pick  machines.  In  almost  every 
instance  machine  mining  is  more  important  than  mechanical 
haulage.  A  number  of  large  operators  combine  the  two 
kinds  of  power,  using  electricity  for  hauling  and  compressed 
air  for  mining  the  coal. 


A  familiar  scene  about  a  coal  mine 


40 


COAL  CUTTING 
M  AC  H  I  N  ES 
D  FLI  YEN  BY 
ELECTRICITY 


The    Sullivan    Electric    Chain     Machine 
For        the       Mining       of        Coal 


LL  persons  who  have 
made  a  thorough 
investigation  of 
coal  cutting  ma- 
chinery have  ascer- 
'"  tained  that  electric 
chain  machines  pos- 
sess greater  cutting 
efficiency  than  pick 
machines  under 
especially  favorable 
conditions,  but  on 
account  of  the 
length  and  heavy  construction  of  the  older  makes  of  chain 
machines  the  number  of  districts  in  which  they  could  be  used 
to  advantage  was  found  to  be  few,  hence  a  great  majority  of 
the  machine  worked  mines  of  this  country  have  been  equipped 
with  pick  machines,  owing  to  their  all-round  character  and 
general  applicability.  The  older  makes  of  chain  machines  are 
from  ten  to  twelve  feet  in  length,  dependent  upon  the  depth 
of  the  undercut,  thus  requiring  a  great  area  of  roof  to  be 
kept  up,  which,  in  general,  cannot  be  sustained  without 
serious  danger  both  to  machines  and  operators.  The  loaders 
in  following  these  machines  have  logically  objected  to  the 
distance  over  which  they  have  had  to  handle  the  debris  or 
dirt  from  the  coal,  or  the  draw  slate  from  the  roof  which 
frequently  comes  down  with  the  coal  as  it  is  blasted.  As 
the  loaders  constitute  a  majority  of  the  workmen  in  machine 
mines,  their  contentment  is  of  vital  importance,  and  experi- 
ence has  proven  that  during  shortages  of  labor  the  chain 
machine  mine  managers  find  difficulty  in  securing  enough 
loaders,  while  the  pick  machine  mines  are  abundantly 
supplied. 


43 


44 


It  has  been  noticed  that  in  the  old  styles  of  chain 
machines  only  a  small  portion  of  the  working  time  is 
actually  consumed  in  cutting-,  the  balance  of  the  time  being 
consumed  in  withdrawing  the  machine  from  the  cut,  netting 
and  re-setting  the  jacks  by  which  the  machine  is  held  in  place, 
barring  the  machine  across  the  face  into  its  next  position, 
etcetera.  These  conditions  not  only  waste  valuable  time  but 
contribute  other  adverse  features  as  well,  for  unless  great 
care  is  exercised  the  cuts  will  be  put  in  at  different  heights, 
thus  making  an  uneven  floor  and  leaving  bottom  coal  to  be 
lifted;  besides,  frequently  a  rib  is  left  between  the  "cuts," 
making  the  coal  as  difficult  to  excavate  as  if  it  had  not  been 
undermined.  These  machines  being  fixed  rigidly  in  place, 
are  unable  to  follow  any  irregularities  in  the  bottom  of  the 
coal,  and  the  rear  jack  piercing  the  roof  at  regular  intervals  is 
often  a  cause  of  serious  accidents  by  bringing  down  the  roof. 

When  starting  to  develop  the  Sullivan  Electric  Chain 
Machine  it  was  evident  that  while  it  could  not  be  expected 
to  attain  the  all-round  characteristics  of  the  Sullivan  Pick 
Machine,  still  it  was  believed  that  many  of  the  serious  draw- 
backs of  the  older  chain  machines  could  be  remedied,  and 
thus  broaden  the  field  for  this  particular  class  of  machine. 
After  the  expenditure  of  a  great  deal  of  time  and  money  in 
experimenting  and  in  trying  the  machine  under  all  sorts  of 
conditions,  it  may  be  safely  announced  to  the  coal  mining 
craft  that  the  Sullivan  Electric  Chain  Machine  is  certainly 
worthy  of  serious  consideration,  as  it  possesses  many  features 
of  merit,  exceptional  and  unique. 

The  machine  itself  makes  the  first  or  "tight"  cut  in 
practically  the  same  manner  as  other  chain  machines,  except 
that  the  feeding  is  done  by  means  of  a  chain  instead  of  a 
rack  and  pinion.  After  the  first  cut  is  finished  the  back  end 
of  the  frame  or  pan  is  detached,  the  feed  chain  is  anchored 
in  the  opposite  corner  of  the  room,  and  the  machine  then  is 
started  at  cutting  sideways  across  the  room,  not  stopping 
until  the  breast  is  completely  undermined.  There  being  no 
pause  in  the  cutting  after  the  machine  has  once  started 
across  the  breast,  it  is  manifest  that  the  machine  has  greater 

45 


.C    u 

O   o 
o  - 


efficiency  than  any  other  room  and  pillar  machine.     As  the 
rear  end  of  the  frame  or  pan  is  detached,  the  machine  will 
work  in  about  one-half  the  space  required  by  the  other  chain 
machines    be- 
tween the  face 
and  the  props, 
thus  it  can  be 
used    success- 
fully in  many 

cases   where    the   roof    is    in    such    condition   that    the    long 
machines  cannot  be  used  with  safety. 

Dispensing  with  the  telescopic  frame  of  the  other  chain 
machines  makes  the  Sullivan  lighter,  and  as  it  is  loaded  upon 
and  unloaded  from  the  truck  by  power,  moves  itself  into  place 
and  across  the  face  without  the  use  of  crow-bars,  it  is  much 
easier  on  the  men  than  any  other  machine  of  like  principle. 

Cutting  sidewrays  continuously  across  the  face  of  the 
room  or  heading,  no  "ribs"  can  possibly  be  left  in  the 
mining,  hence  the  coal  is  always  in  a  satisfactory  condition 
for  blasting.  It  has  been  ascertained  that  the  machine  will 
closely  followr  the  line  or  plane  of  the  feed  chain;  thus  by 
elevating  or  depressing  the  feed  chain  all  irregularities  in 
the  bottom  may  be  avoided  and  quite  steep  grades  climbed. 
The  machine  cutting  practically  on  the  bottom  leaves  no 
bottom  coal  for  the  loaders  to  lift,  and,  avoiding  the  irregu- 
larities in  the  floor,  reduces  the  strain  upon  the  machine,  at 
the  same  time  lessening  the  liability  of  loading  dirty  coal, 
all  of  which  are  usually  incident  to  the  long  chain  machines 
operating  in  an  irregular  seam. 

From  the  loader's  standpoint  the  Sullivan  Electric  Chain 
Machine  is  a  great  improvement  over  the  older  makes  of 
chain  machines,  as  the  floor  is  left  smooth,  the  debris  has 
only  to  be  thrown  back  a  short  distance  and  there  is  no 
bottom  coal  to  be  lifted. 

For  this  machine  an  entirely  new  cutter  chain  has  been 
designed,  in  which  the  cutters  are  set  opposite,  in  pairs,  the 
core  or  center  being  broken  out  by  rakers.  This  arrange- 
ment not  only  results  in  coarser  coal  from  the  cut,  but  also  a 

47 


s  p, 
"3  S 

O!     O 


greater  economy  in  the  consumption  of  power  than  if  the  bits 
or  cutters  were  put  in  alternately  or  staggered.  Further- 
more, fewer  cutters  or  bits  are  used,  and  as  the  adjustment 
of  one  set-screw  fastens  two  bits,  the  operation  of  changing 
bits  is  of  small  moment. 

In  order  to  obviate  breakage  of  the  cutter  chain  when 
sulphur  or  other  hard  substances  are  encountered,  a  friction 
clutch  is  employed  which  slips  when  an  unusual  strain  is 
brought  upon  the  cutter  chain.  This  does  away  with  the 
safety  washers  of  the  old  chain  machines,  which  are  usually 
ordered  by  the  barrel. 

The  electric  motor  used  is  a  four-pole  shunt  wound 
machine  of  consequent  polar  type  with  vertical  armature. 
In  the  design  of  this  motor  special  attention  has  been  given 
to  the  proper  lubrication  of  the  bearings.  The  armature  is 
of  the  "iron-clad"  type,  the  coils  being  "form  wound," 
grouped  and  embedded  in  the  slots  of  the  armature  core. 
This  construction  enables  the  use  of  ample  insulation  of  the 
best  quality  and  insures  freedom  from  the  aggravating  burn- 
outs so  common  with  the  motors  of  the  older  makes  of  chain 
machines.  The  commutator  is  of  liberal  dimensions,  and 
carbon  brushes  are  employed;  the  frame  is  of  such  shape 
that  falling  material  cannot  enter  the  motor,  while  access  to 
the  commutator  and  brushes,  as  well  as  ventilation,  is  afforded 
by  large  openings  in  the  sides  which  are  provided  with 
removable  perforated  covers. 

A  convenient  controller  is  provided,  by  means  of  which 
the  motor  may  be  started  gradually  and  operated  continuously 
at  various  speeds,  and  the  reverse  lever  is  so  arranged  that 
it  can  be  operated  only  when  the  armature  is  at  a  standstill. 
The  motors  are  built  for  220,  250  and  500  volts  direct  current 
and  the  machine  made  to  undercut  5,  6  or  6^  feet. 

In  ordering,  give  heig-ht  of  coal,  depth  of  undercut 
desired,  voltage  of  current  and  gauge  of  mine  track. 


49 


!•§ 

fl 


SI 


*>  c 

a=i 

OS    cS 

£*"     r^-( 


;" 


The  following  equipment   is   furnished  with  each  Sulli- 
van Electric  Chain  Machine  : 


1  standard  truck  for  machine 

1  reel  containing  300  feet  duplex 
waterproof  cable 

1  tool  box  with  padlock  and  two 
keys 

1  crank  for  motor 

1  crank  for  reel 

1  hand  hammer 

1  flat  file 

1  round  nose  chisel 

1  screw  driver 

1  hand  oil  can 

1  12-inch  monkey  wrench 

1  set  solid  wrenches 
24  cutter  bits 

4  guide  bits 

8  raker  bits 

3  extra  inside  chain  links 

3  extra  blank  chain  links 

3  extra  outside  chain  links 

2  extra  raker  chain  links 

4  extra  inside  clamp  bolts 
4  extra  outside  clamp  bolts 


9  extra  chain  pins 
1  pair  cutter  bit  tongs 
1  punch  for  driving  pins 
1  swivel  hook 
6  contact  buttons 

4  cable  hooks 

5  wire  nipples 

5  feet  fuse  wire 

8  carbon  brushes 
1  hand  tool  box 

6  change  gears 

1  set  gauges  for  setting  bits 
1  front  anchor 

1  back  pan  anchor 

2  back  anchors 
1  take-up  rig 

1  slack  hoe 

1  scraper 

2  crowbars 
1  jack 

1  skid. 

1  lot  waste 


List    Sullivan    Electric    Chain    Machines 


Voltage 
of  Motor 

Depth  of 
Undercut 
feet 

Code  Word 

220 

5 

Halobato 

250         -. 

•         '5 

Halobessi 

500    ..  .  •  •"_:        . 

5 

Halobix 

220      .. 

6 

Halobode 

250           . 

6 

Halocarte 

50O           .  -~    .      . 

6 

Halocesa 

220'         ';.-     •      .             ;.' 

.        6^        . 

Halocious 

250 

6% 

Halocipp 

500 

.        6^        . 

Halocomo 

53 


54 


55 


iS 

5  £ 

o  ,,_, 
£    G 


. 


i 


3-0 

£  £ 


3.H  |,o 

*.2*S 

« «3  » 
IS  SI 

CM  09  J5  O 


59 


The    Sullivan    Long    H^all    Machine 
For         the         Mining         of        Coal 


HE  long  wall  system 
of  mining  is  particu- 
larly well  adapted  to 
coal  cutting  machin- 


ery, 


as  the  machine 


may  travel  continu- 
ously along  the  face 
of  the  coal  and  is 
rarely  moved  to 
another  portion  of 
the  mine ;  this  great- 
ly increases  the  cut- 
ting efficiency,  as  the 
time  may  be  utilized 

in  the  performance  of  work  which  would  otherwise  be  con- 
sumed in  moving  the  machine  from  place  to  place  in  a  room 
and  pillar  mine. 

The  long  wall  system  has  reached  its  zenith  in  Great 
Britain  and  in  Continental  Europe,  being,  so  it  is  said,  more 
generally  followed  than  the  room  and  pillar  system;  long 
wall  mining  has,  however,  been  little  followed  in  this 
country,  no  doubt  for  especial  reasons,  but  recently  a  number 
of  new  mines  have  been  opened  on  this  system. 

To  satisfy  the  growing  demand  for  a  long  wall  mining 
machine,  the  Electric  Chain  Machine  illustrated  and  described 
in  the  preceding  pages  has  been  modified  to  successfully 
meet  the  new  conditions.  The  machine  itself  differs  slightly 
from  the  Electric  Chain  Machine,  the  principal  difference 
being  that  the  cutter  bar  is  placed  at  right  angles  to  the 
main  portion  of  the  machine,  and  is  so  arranged  that  it  may 
be  swung  in  line  with  the  machine  when  it  is  desired  to  load 
the  latter  onto  a  truck  in  order  to  move  it  to  some  other 
portion  of  the  mine.  The  swinging  movement  of  the  cutter 


bar  may,  if  desired,  also  be  taken  advantage  of  during  the 
process  of  changing  bits. 

As  will  be  noticed  from  the  illustrations,  the  machine 
slides  along  the  floor  of  the  mine  on  a  sheet  steel  shoe,  and 
requires  no  heavy  and  cumbersome  rails,  used  with  the  other 
makes  of  long  wall  machines;  it  will  work  in  little  space 
both  as  regards  height  and  distance  between  face  and  props. 
The  advance  or  feed  of  the  machine  is  effected  by  a  driving 
sprocket  engaging  with  a  chain  securely  fastened  some  dis- 
tance ahead  of  the  machine,  and  stretched  parallel  to  the  face 
of  the  coal.  As  the  machine  advances,  the  slack  in  the  chain 
is  taken  up  by  the  back  chain ;  in  other  words,  the  chain  is  in 
one  continuous  piece,  and  as  the  machine  advances,  the  slack 
is  fed  out  at  the  rear  end,  by  means  of  which  the  machine  is 
always  kept  up  to  its  work  and  at  the  proper  angle  to  the  face 
of  the  coal.  Should  it  be  necessary  to  alter  the  angle  of  the 
machine  with  the  face  of  the  coal,  the  tension  on  the  chain 
may  be  changed  by  the  ratchet  at  the  back  end  of  the  chain 
and  the  machine  made  to  assume  any  desired  angle  with  the 
face.  This  machine  is  driven  by  electricity,  and,  with  the 
exception  of  changes  mentioned,  otherwise  conforms  to  the 
Electric  Chain  Machine.  The  motors  are  wound  for  220, 
250  and  500  volts  direct  current  and  the  machines  are  built 
to  undercut  up  to  five  feet  deep. 

In  ordering,  give  height  of  coal,  depth  of  undercut 
desired,  voltage  of  current  and  gauge  of  mine  track. 


63 


64 


List     Sullivan     Long     ll^all     Machines 


Voltage 
of  Motor 

Depth  of 
Undercut 
feet 

Code  Word 

220 

3 

Halofag 

250         . 

3 

.     Halofette 

500 

3 

.     Halofird 

220 

•        3%       • 

Halo  form 

250 

•        3^        - 

.     Halofngel 

500 

..     z%     • 

Halogada 

220 

4 

.     Halogaff 

250 

4 

Halogamos 

5OO 

4 

.     Halogecon 

220 

•        4^ 

Halogego 

250          . 

.        4^        - 

.     Hologida 

500 

•        4%        • 

Ha  logo  ss 

220 

5 

.     Haloguter 

250          . 

5 

Halojade 

500 

5 

.     Halojepta 

65 


66 


Code    Words    Pertaining   to    Coal  Mines 


Coal  1 6  inches  in  height     . 
Coal  1 8  inches  in  height    . 
Coal  20  inches  in  height     . 
Coal  22  inches  in  height     . 
Coal    2  feet  o  inches  in  height  . 
Coal    2  feet  3  inches  in  height  . 
Coal    2  feet  6  inches  in  height  . 
Coal    2  feet  9  inches  in  height  . 
Coal    3  feet  o  inches  in  height  . 
Coal    3  feet  3  inches  in  height  . 
Coal    3  feet  6  inches  in  height  . 
Coal    3  feet  9  inches  in  height  . 
Coal    4  feet  o  inches  in  height  . 
Coal    4  feet  6  inches  in  height  . 
Coal    5  feet  o  inches  in  height  . 
Coal    5  feet  6  inches  in  height  . 
Coal    6  feet  o  inches  in  height  . 
Coal    7  feet  o  inches  in  height  . 
Coal    8  feet  o  inches  in  height  . 
Coal    9  feet  o  inches  in  heigHt  . 
Coal  10  feet  o  inches  in  height  . 
Coal  1 1  feet  o  inches  in  height  . 
Coal  12  feet  o  inches  in  height  . 
Gauge  of  track  18  inches   . 
Gauge  of  track  19  inches   . 
Gauge  of  track  20  inches   . 
Gauge  of  track  2 1  inches   . 
Gauge  of  track  22  inches   . 
Gauge  of  track  23  inches   . 
Gauge  of  track  24  inches   . 


Code  Word 

Halojion 

Halojote 

Halojuno 

Halokapo 

Halokegan 

Halokicht 

Halokoger 

Halokori 

Halokuero 

Halolatch 

Haloleda 

Haloleif 

Halo  logic 

Halo  In  bi 

Halomalo 

Halomaras 

Halomesm 

Halometer 

Halomizen 

Halomoki 

Halomug 

Haloogan 

Haloop 

Ha  loot  ax 

Haloozero 

Halopan 

Halopeggi 

Halopit 

Haloporcn 

Halopubcr 


Gauge  of  track  26  inches  . 
Gauge  of  track  28  inches  . 
Gauge  of  track  30  inches  . 
Gauge  of  track  32  inches  . 
Gauge  of  track  34  inches  . 
Gauge  of  track  36  inches  . 
Gauge  of  track  38  inches  . 
Gauge  of  track  40  inches  . 
Gauge  of  track  42  inches  . 
Gauge  of  track  44  inches  . 
Gauge  of  track  46  inches  . 
Gauge  of  track  48  inches  . 
Mining  done  in  coal  . 
Mining  done  in  clay  beneath  coal 

Mining  done  in 

Vein  level  ..... 

Pitch  of  vein    i  degree 

Pitch  of  vein    2  degrees 

Pitch  of  vein    3  degrees 

Pitch  of  vein    4  degrees 

Pitch  of  vein    5  degrees 

Pitch  of  vein    6  degrees 

Pitch  of  vein    7  degrees 

Pitch  of  vein    8  degrees 

Pitch  of  vein    9  degrees 

Pitch  of  vein  10  degrees     . 

Pitch  of  vein  1 2  degrees 

Pitch  of  vein  15  degrees 

Pitch  in  favor  of  load 

Pitch  against  load 

Pitch  irregular  .... 

Plant  to  produce  100  tons  per  day 


Code  Word 

Haloquail 

Haloquern 

Haloquox 

Halorapo 

Halorefer 

Halorious 

Halorfio 

Halorgan 

HalorJiein 

Halorian 

Halorilla 

Halorjah 

Halorodox 

Haloruato 

Halosach 

Halosein 

Halosell 

Halosetro 

Halosisco 

Halosolio 

Halosugio 

Halotage 

Halotedar 

Halotesen 

Halothar 

Halotilla 

Halotjam 

Halotmo 

Halotness 

Halotoro 

Halotpare 

Halotque 


68 


Plant  to  produce    150  tons  per  day 
Plant  to  produce    200  tons  per  day 
Plant  to  produce    250  tons  per  day 
Plant  to  produce    300  tons  per  day 
Plant  to  produce    350  tons  per  day 
Plant  to  produce    400  tons  per  day 
Plant  to  produce    500  tons  per  day 
Plant  to  produce    600  tons  per  day 
Plant  to  produce    800  tons  per  day 
Plant  to  produce  1000  tons  per  day 
Plant  to  produce  1500  tons  per  day 
Plant  to  produce  2000  tons  per  day 
Plant  to  produce  2500  tons  per  day 
Plant  to  produce  3000  tons  per  day 
Single  shift 
Double  shift 
Mine  run  coal     . 
Coal  over  i^-inch  screen  . 
Coal  over  i^-inch  screen  . 


Code  Word 

Halo  sane 
Halouser 
Halorat 
Haloramog 
Halorester 
Haloricat 
Halorotro 
Halowaca 
Halowaggo 
Haloivasi 
Haloiveen 
Halowelor 
Halowjord 
Halowoba 
.  Halowousa 
Halozaka 
Halozeil 
Haloziera 
Halozolo 


69 


Relative     Cost     of    Machine 
and    Hand    or     Pick     Mining 


For  the  purpose  of  showing  the  saving  in  machine 
mining  over  pick  or  hand  mining,  the  following  pages 
contain  the  official  mining  scales  of  the  chief  coal-producing 
States  of  this  country.  In  West  Virginia,  with  few  excep- 
tions, and  in  most  of  the  Southern  States,  the  wage  settle- 
ment with  the  miners  is  based  on  bulk  measurement  instead 
of  weight,  and  as  the  contents  of  the  mine  cars  vary  with 
nearly  every  mine,  it  is  impossible  to  tabulate  the  different 
mining  scales  in  these  States. 

Where  no  scale  is  shown  it  is  customary  to  allow 
one-eighth  of  the  pick  rate  for  cutting  and  scraping  with 
the  chain  machine,  and  one-fifth  for  the  pick  machine,  sixty 
per  cent,  of  which  goes  to  the  cutter  and  forty  per  cent, 
to  the  scraper,  the  loader  following  either  of  these  machines 
being  allowed  one-half  of  the  pick  rate,  with  an  additional 
allowance  of  about  three  cents  per  ton  if  the  holes  for  blast- 
ing are  drilled  by  hand. 


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78 


AIR  COMPRESSORS 
DIAMOND  CORE 

DRILLS 
ROCK   DRILLS 


• 


80 


The  Sullivan  Straight  Line  Air  Compressor 
This     Type     Designated     as     Class     WE 


HIS     compressor    is 
of    the    familiar 
horizontal  straight 
line    type,    and    is 
|  equipped     with      a 
simple  steam  cylin- 
I  der  and  compound 
L  air     cylinders,     all 
self-contained    and 
on    a    strong    cast 
iron  bed  plate. 

The  steam  cylinder  is  fitted  with  the  Meyer  adjustable 
cut-off  valve  gear,  which  may  be  adjusted  at  will  when  the 
machine  is  running  by  turning  an  easily  accessible  hand 
wheel,  the  position  of  the  cut-off  being  indicated  by  a  pointer. 
To  start  the  compressor  slowly,  it  is  usual  to  set  the  cut-off 
so  that  the  pressure  is  carried  nearly  throughout  the  full 
stroke;  the  fly-wheels  are  then  turned  by  the  hand-starting 
device,  and  the  throttle  gradually  opened  until  the  machine 
is  under  full  motion,  when  the  cut-off  is  run  back  to  the 
point  desired.  The  steam  cylinder  is  thoroughly  covered 
with  a  suitable  non-conductor  of  heat,  which  is  enclosed  in  a 
nea.t  sheet  steel  lagging,  and  little  steam  energy  is  lost  by 
radiation. 

The  air  is  compressed  in  two  stages,  with  an  intercooler 
placed  between  the  two  air  cylinders ;  the  positions  of  the  air 
cylinders  being  the  reverse  of  those  found  in  most  machines 
of  this  type.  The  high  pressure  cylinder  is  placed  on  the 
extreme  end  of  the  frame,  the  low  pressure  cylinder  between 
it  and  the  steam  cylinder.  This  arrangement  offers  several 
advantages;  for  instance,  the  large  piston  rod  passes  through 
the  large  cylinder  and  the  small  piston  rod  through\the  small 
cylinder.  With  the  small  rod  passing  through  the  high 


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pressure  cylinder  head,  larger  valves  may  be  used  in  this 
head,  as  there  is  more  space  left  between  the  rod  and  the 
bore  of  the  cylinder.  Further,  there  is  but  one  stuffing  box 
exposed  to  high  pressure  instead  of  two.  It  allows  the  air 
discharge  pipe  to  be  led  away  from  the  machine  at  the 
extreme  end,  doing  away  with  the  necessity  of  cutting  out 
a  passage  through  the  foundation  for  the  accommodation 
of  this  pipe,  which  would  result  in  structural  weakness  at 
that  point. 

The  fly-wheels  are  placed  at  the  other  extreme  end  of 
the  frame,  rendering  all  parts  of  the  machine  more  accessi- 
ble than  if  the  fly-wheels  were  placed  between  the  steam 
and  high  pressure  air  cylinders. 

The  inlet  valves  of  the  low  pressure  air  cylinder  are 
mechanically  and  noiselessly  operated,  and  being  of  liberal 
area,  insure  the  cylinder  filling  completely,  even  when  the 
compressor  is  run  at  great  speed. 

Each  compressor  is  provided  with  a  combined  speed 
and  pressure  regulator,  perfectly  governing  all  variations  in 
speed  and  pressure.  These  machines  are  very  carefully  and 
intelligently  designed,  thus  run  in  better  balance  than  other 
compressors  of  similar  type,  and  as  they  are  constructed  of 
the  best  materials  obtainable,  show  a  remarkable  freedom 
from  breakage  and  wear. 

If  interested  in  air  compressors,  send  for  the  special  catalogue 
on  the  subject. 


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Detailed    Description    of    the    Sullivan 
Straight     Line     Air      Compressor 

This     Type     Designated     as     Class     WE 


THE   frame   is   a    heavy   box-shaped    casting,    strongly 
ribbed  and  provided  with  a  solid  bottom  under  the 
steam  end  for  collecting  oil  and  drippings  from  the 
steam  cylinder,  crosshead,  guides  and  steam  valve  gear ;  the 
bottom    contains   an   opening  for  draining.     The  top  of  the 
frame  is  made  level  with  the  center  line  of  the  piston  rods, 
which  prevents  the  bending  strains  when  the  centers  of  the 
piston  rods  are  above  the  top  of  the  frame. 

The     steam     cylinder    is 
made       of 


Frame 


Steam 
Cylinder 


Sectional  View  of  Steam  Cylinder 

sand  mold  and  bored  to  a 
true  circle ;  all  ports  and  passages  for  live  and  exhaust 
steam  are  of  ample  size  to  give  a  minimum  frictional 
resistance.  The  steam  distribution  is  regulated  by  a  Meyer 
adjustable  valve  gear,  having  a  wide  range  of  action,  the 
adjustment  being  easily  and  quickly  made  by  a  hand  wheel, 
even  when  the  machine  is  in  motion.  The  cylinder  drain 
cocks  are  of  a  special  pattern  and  can  be  opened  or  closed  like 
an  ordinary  globe  valve,  but  which  will  automatically  open 
under  an  excess  of  pressure  due  to  water  in  the  cylinder. 


Air 
Cylinders 


Intercooler 


Sectional 

View  of  Air 

Cylinders  and 

Intercooler 


The  air  cylinders  are  made  of  hard,  close-grained  iron, 
cast  in  a  dry  sand  mold,  the  water  jacket  being  formed  by 
a  separate  lining  forced  into  the  main  cylinder.  Cylinders 
cast  in  one  piece,  with  the  water  jacket  space  "cored"  out, 
usually  contain  shrinkage  strains,  which  are  avoided  by 
inserting  the  separate  lining  to  form  the  jacket  space. 
Openings  are  provided  for  draining  the  jackets  and  for 
washing  them  out. 

The  intercooler  is  a  casting  mounted  upon  the  two  air 
cylinders  and  is  provided  with  a  suitable  number  of  copper 
tubes  through  which  the  cooling  water  circulates.  The  tube 
ends  are  made  tight  by  suitable  packing,  held  in  place  by 
brass  ferules.  The  ferules  are  not  screwed  in,  but  are  forced 
against  the  packing  by  means  of  brass  binder  plates  held  in 
place  by  the  outside  head.  Instead  of  the  air  passing  once 
through  the  intercooler,  as  is  the  usual  practice,  it  is  com- 
pelled, by  means  of  suitable  baffling  plates,  to  traverse  it 
three  times  before  arriving  at  the  high  pressure  cylinder. 


86 


.Through  this  arrangement  the  air  is  brought  into  more 
intimate  contact  with  the  cooling  surfaces,  and  is  given  a 
longer  time  in  which  to  reduce  its  temperature.  The  jacket 
water  first  passes  through  the  low  pressure  cylinder,  and 
thence  traverses  three  times  the  intercooler  tubes,  and  leaves 
the  machine  at  the  top  of  the  intercooler  shell.  By  this 
system  of  circulation,  all  danger  is  avoided  of  the  accumu- 
lation of  air  in  the  water  spaces.  As  nearly  all  the  heat  due 
to  compression  is  absorbed  in  the  intercooler,  the  rise  in 
temperature  of  the  circulating  water  in  passing  through 
the  cylinder  jackets  before  its  arrival  at  the  intercooler  is 
insignificant. 

The  inlet  valves  on  the  low  pressure  air  cylinder  are 
mechanically  operated  by  means  of  a  suitably  formed  cam, 
rigidly  attached  to  the  crank  pin,  and  giving  to  cast  steel 
yokes,  to  which  the  outer  ends  of  the  valve  spindles  are 
joined,  an  intermittent  reciprocating  motion.  The  action  of 
this  mechanism  is  to  apply  spring  pressure  to  open  the 
valve  immediately  at 
the  beginning  of  the 
stroke,  and  to  close  the 
valve  immediately  at 
the  end  of  the  stroke, 
while  in  the  intervening 
time  between  opening 
and  closing,  the  valves 
remain  stationary.  All 
parts  of  this  mechanism 
are  made  as  light  as 
possible  consistent  with 
proper  strength,  to  re- 
duce the  effect  of  mo- 
mentum and  to  mini- 
mize wear  on  the  cam 
and  roll;  the  yokes  are 
easily  removable  by 
loosening  two  nuts  on 
the  yoke-rods  and  quick 


Air 

Valve 

Gear 


Inlet  Valves 

on  Low 

Pressure  Air 

Cylinder 


access   to   the  valves   is   thus 
obtained. 

The  inlet 
valves  on  the  low 
pressure  air  cylin- 
der are  made  of 
the  best  selected 
forged  steel,  with 
the  stems  drilled 
out  tore duce 
weight,  the  cages  for 
guiding  the  valves  being  made  in 
halves  and  of  a  hard  composition. 
The  valves  and  seats  are  accurately 
fitted  and  ground  together,  the  seat  being  made  of  a  ring  of 
hard  composition.  The  inner  ends  of  the  valves  are  made  in 
such  a  form  that  the  shock  produced  by  sudden  closing  is 
widely  distributed  through  the  metal  at  the  junction  of  the 
head  and  the  stem.  In  poppet  valves,  as  commonly  con- 
structed, breakage  at  this  point  is  largely  due  to  the  heavy, 
solid  stems,  the  momentum  of  which,  at  the  instant  of 
closing,  produces  strains  which  cause  crystallization  and 
eventually  rupture  occurs.  To  guard  against  the  danger  of 
the  valve  being  drawn  into  the  cylinder  in  the  event  of 
breakage,  guard  plates  are  often  placed  on  the  inner  side 
of  the  cylinder  head.  This  arrangement  necessitates  large 
pockets  for  the  valves  to  work  in,  and  these  pockets  add 
greatly  to  the  clearance.  By  the  peculiar  construction  of  the 
valves  in  the  Sullivan  compressor,  the  guard  plates  and  their 
accompanying  evil  of  large  clearance  spaces  are  entirely 
done  away  with.  The  passages  through  the  cages  of  the 

inlet  valve  are  free  from 
obstruction  wings  and 
ribs,  giving  a  very  free 
opening  through  which 
the  incoming  air  may 
enter  the  cylinder. 

The  high  pressure  inlet 


Low  Pressure 
Air  Cylinder, 
showing  Valve 
Motion 


Inlet  Valve 

on  High 

Pressure  Air 

Cylinder 


Cage  for  Inlet  Valve  on  High 
Pressure  Air  Cylinder 


air  valves  are  similar  in  form  and 
construction  to  the  low  pressure 
inlet  air  valves,  but  instead  of  ob- 
taining their  movement-mechani- 
cally,  are  opened  and  closed  by 
the  pressure  of  the  air. 

The  discharge  valves  are  made 
of  the  best  selected  steel,  of  cup- 
shaped  form,  and  are  internally 
guided  on  an  extension  of  the 
valve  plug  with  the  springs  inside, 
thus  being  fully  protected  from  dirt.  In  valves  which  are 
guided  externally,  the  oil  and  dirt  forms  a  hard  crust  on  the 
outside  and  causes  difficulty  in  removing  the  valve. 

Air  is  drawn  into  the  machine  through  a  conduit  con- 
nected with  a  box  leading  from  a  suitable  point  outside  the 
building  and  passing  beneath  the  engine  room  floor.  This 
conduit,  which  is  supplied  with  the  compressor,  is  provided 
at  its  upper  end  with  a  rectangular  flange  which  bolts  to  the 
low  pressure  cylinder.  There  are  no  inaccessible  air  passages 
through  the  foundation,  with  wooden  pieces  difficult  to  fit  to 
the  irregular  shape  of  the  cylinder  and  heads  and  liable  from 
their  location  to  permit  dirt  and  warm  air  to  be  drawn  in 
through  carelessly  fitted  joints. 

Air  and  steam  pistons  are  accurately  fitted  to  the  bore 
of  the  cylinder,  and  provided  with  spring-ring  packing  and 
secured  to  the  rod  by  means  of  taper  fits  and  lock  nuts,  the 
piston  rods  being  made  of  the  best  forty-carbon  hammered 
steel. 

The  crosshead  is  an  open  hearth  steel  casting  of  ample 
size  and  strength  to  insure  against  breakage.  It  has  a  swivel 
pin  connection  to  the  piston  rods,  and  is  provided  with  a  prac- 
tical and  satisfactory 
"  take-up  "  for  the  wear 
on  this  pin.  It  is  impos- 
sible for  the  crosshead 
to  get  out  of  order,  as 
there  is  no  complication 

Air  Discharge 
89  Valve 


Inlet  Valves 
on  High 
Pressure  Air 
Cylinders 


Air  Discharge 
Valves 


Air  Conduit 


Air  and 
Steam  Pistons 


Crosshead 


Fly- 
wheels 

Steam 

Valve 

Gear 


Crank 

Pins  and 

Shaft 

Crank 

Shaft 

Bearings 


of  split  pins,  wedges  or  other  devices  to  stick  and  thus  defeat 
the  object  of  swiveling  and  cause  unequal  strains  on  the 
connecting  rods.  The  surfaces  of  the  crosshead  in  contact 
with  the  guides  are  provided  with  brass  shoes. 


I: 


Crosshead 

Two  fly-wKeels  are  used,  one  on  each  side,  of  the  machine, 
the  rims  being  turned  smooth  and  round. 

The  slide  valves  in  the  steam  cylinder  are  balanced  and 
are  operated  by  two  eccentrics  on  the  crank  shaft  between 
the  main  bearings,  the  main  and  cut-off  eccentrics  and  adjust- 
able link  boxes  being  made  alike.  The  rocker  arms  to  which 
the  valve  rods  are  connected  are  made  of  open  hearth  steel 
castings,  the  lower  ends  of  which  are  bushed  with  hard 
brass  liners. 

Crank  pins  and  shaft  are  made  of   the 
best  forged  steel  procurable. 

The  crank  shaft  bearings  are  best  bronze 
castings,  recessed  for  babbitt  and  are  made 
in  three  pieces.     The  side  pieces  or  cheeks 
are  adjustable  for  wear,  taken  up  by  means 
of  a  wedge  moved  by  a  nut  on 
the  top  of  the  main  bearing  cap. 
The  side  pieces  may  be  removed 
without  disturbing  the  fly-wheels  or 
shaft;  the  bottom  pieces  may  be  re- 
moved by  raising  the  shaft  and  fly- 
wheels about  one-half  inch  from  their 
normal  position.     This  arrangeme 
permits  of  quick  and  easy  accesf| 
examination  of   the   main   bearii 
in  case  of  overheating. 

The  governor  is  of  the  centrift 
gal  ball  throttling  type,  with  an  extra 


90 


Combined 
Speed  and 
Pressure 
Regulator 


cylinder  which  places  the  governor  valve  tinder  the  influence 
of  the  air  receiver  pressure.  Ordinarily,  the  governor  varies 
the  speed  of  the  compressor  to  suit  the  demand  for  air,  the 
centrifugal  balls  preventing  the  compressor  from  exceeding 
a  safe  speed.  The  governor  belt  is  run  from  a  pulley  to  the 
outer  end  of  the  crank  pin.  When  this  pulley  is  located  on 
the  shaft  between  the  fly-wheels,  the  belt  becomes  covered 
with  oil  from  the  main  bearings,  which,  besides  causing  it  to 
slip  on  the  pulley,  soon  ruins  the  belt. 

On  one  side  of  the  machine  and  within  convenient  reach 
of  the  throttle  is  placed  a  lever  operating,  through  suitable 
connections,  a  pawl  on  one  of  the  fly-wheels,  for  turning  the 
machine  by  hand.  The  lever  may  be  removed  from  its 
socket  after  the  compressor  has  started,  and  the  pawl  auto- 
matically clears  itself  from  the  wheel. 

All  of  the  cylinders  are  provided  with  suitable  sight-feed 
lubricators;  the  crank  pins  are  fitted  with  pendulum  oilers 
with  stationary  cups.  All  important  bearings  are  fitted  with 
sight-feed  oil  cups. 

With  each  compressor,  in  addition  to  a  blue  print  show- 
ing foundation  required,  the  following  fittings  are  furnished: 

One  combined  speed  and  pressure  regulator. 

One  yoke-throttle  valve  with  flange  connection. 

One  complete  set  of  foundation  bolts,  nuts  and  washers. 

One  complete  set  solid  wrenches. 

One  complete  set  of  piston  and  valve  rod  packing. 

One  complete  set  of  lubricators  for  steam  and  air  cylinders. 

One  complete  set  of  cylinder  drain  cocks. 

Sight-feed  oil  cups  for  all  bearings. 


Combined 
Speed  and 
Pressure 
Regulator 


Hand 

Starting 

Device 


Lubricators 
and  Oilers 


Fittings 


Sullivan   Straight    Line  Air   Compressor 
This     Type     Designated     as     C  I  a  s  s     W  A 


THE  Sullivan  Straight  Line  Air  Compressor,  Class  WA, 
with   simple   steam    and   air  cylinders,   has  been  de- 
signed   to   meet    the    conditions    where    low    cost    is 
considered  more    important  than  efficiency  and  economy  of 
operation.     This  compressor  is  identical  with  the   Class  W  B 
Compressor   previously   described    in  this   catalogue,   except 
that  the  frame  is  shorter  and  the  high  pressure  air  cylinder 
and  intercooler  are  dispensed  with,  the  air  being  compressed 
up  to  its  final  pressure  in  a  single  cylinder. 


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94 


Data    Required  for  Air  Compressors 


WHEN  writing  for  prices  or  other  information  per- 
taining to  air  compressors,  the  following  data 
should  be  furnished: 

1.  Volume  of  free  air  per  minute  required. 

2.  Working  air  pressure. 

3.  Number,  size    and   kind   of   machines   to  be  operated 
by  the  compressed  air. 

4.  If  for  pumping,   give  make,  size  and  speed  of  pump, 
and  height  to  which  water  must  be  delivered. 

5.  Altitude,  if  over  1,000  feet  above  sea  level. 

6.  If  for  steam-actuated  compressor,  give  working  steam 
pressure. 

7.  If   for   belt    or   gear   driven    compressor,  give  power 
available,  diameter  of  driving  pulley  or  gear,  etcetera. 

8.  Any  design  of  compressor  preferred. 

The  more  full  the  information  regarding  the  special 
conditions  under  which  the  compressor  is  to  be  operated, 
the  more  closely  can  be  determined  the  type  of  machine 
which  will  best  meet  the  requirements  of  the  case. 


95 


Other     7 y  p  e  s    and    D  e  s  i  g  n  s    of 
Compressors    Manufactured 


IN  addition  to  the  Straight  Line  Steam  Driven  Air  Com- 
pressor, the  company  constructs  machines  of  this  type 
driven  by  belt  or  gears,  using  whatever  power  may  be 
available,  electricity,  gas  or  water  power. 

Also  a  full  line  of  Duplex  Air  Compressors  having  all 
possible  variations  in  design  are  made,  viz.  : 

Simple  steam  with  simple  air  cylinders. 

Simple  steam  with  cross-compound  air  cylinders. 

Cross-compound  steam  with  simple  air  cylinders. 

Cross-compound  steam  with  cross-compound  air  cylin- 
ders. 

The  steam  cylinders  are  fitted  with  Meyer  adjustable 
cut-off,  balanced,  or  Corliss  valve  gear  as  desired,  to  be 
run  condensing  or  non-condensing  in  case  of  compounding. 

The  special  Air  Compressor  Catalogue  fully  illustrates 
and  describes  these  different  designs,  and  a  copy  will  be 
furnished  upon  request. 


96 


Efficiency      of     Air     Compressors 

From       H  i  s  c  o  x  '  s       ''Compressed       Air" 

"AS  the  density  of  the  atmosphere  decreases  with  the 
/-\  altitude,  a  compressor  located  at  a  high  altitude 
takes  in  less  air  at  each  revolution;  that  is  to  say, 
the  air  is  taken  in  at  a  lower  pressure ;  hence  the  early 
part  of  each  stroke  is  occupied  in  compressing  the  air  from 
the  lower  density  up  to  the  normal  sea  level  pressure  of 
14.7  pounds,  and  the  volumetric  capacity  of  the  air  cylinder 
is  correspondingly  diminished.  The  power  required  to  drive 
the  same  compressor  is  also  less  than  at  sea  level,  but  the 
decrease  in  power  required  is  not  in  as  great  a  ratio  as  the 
reduction  in  capacity.  Therefore,  compressors  to  be  used 
at  high  altitudes  should  have  the  steam  and  air  cylinders 
properly  proportioned  to  meet  the  varying  conditions  at 
different  altitudes.  The  compressor  friction  and  leakage 
losses  are  a  constant  quantity. 

"It  is  apparent  that  the  more  dense  the  air  when 
drawn  into  the  compressor  cylinder,  the  sooner  the  desired 
pressure  is  reached  in  terms  of  the  cylinder  stroke,  and, 
on  the  contrary,  the  lighter  or  less  dense  the  air  is  at 
the  intake,  the  smaller  will  be  the  volume  at  the  de- 
sired pressure,  or,  the  pressure  is  reached  at  a  later  point 
in  the  stroke. 

' '  The  air  temperature  at  high  levels  is  on  the  average 
lower  than  at  sea  level  throughout  the  year,  which  slightly 
increases  the  density  due  to  the  height  alone;  so  that  the 
volumetric  efficiency  may  be  somewhat  higher  than  is  due 
to  barometric  pressure  alone. 

"The  decreased  power  required  by  a  compressor  due 
to  elevation  varies  from  60  to  56  per  cent,  of  the  loss 
of  capacity." 


97 


Efficiency    of  Compressors    at    Different    Altitudes 
From      H  i  s  c  o  x  '  s      ''Compressed      Air' 


Barometric  Pressure 

Volumetric 

Altitude  in 
Feet 

Efficiency 
of  Com- 
pressor 

Loss  of 
Capacity 
Per  Cent. 

Decreased 
Power 

Per  Cent. 

Inches 

Pounds  per 

Mercury 

Square  Inch 

Per  Cent. 

0 

30.00 

14.75 

100 

0 

0. 

1,000 

28.88 

14.20 

97 

3 

1.8 

2,000 

27.80 

13.67 

93 

7 

3.5 

3,000 

26.76 

13.16 

90 

10 

5.2 

4,000 

25.76 

12.67 

87 

13 

6.9 

5,000 

24.79 

12.20 

84 

16 

8.5 

6,000 

23.86 

11.73 

81 

19 

10.1 

7,000 

22.97 

11.30 

78 

22 

11.6 

8,000 

22.11 

10.87 

76 

24 

13.1 

9,000 

21.29 

10.46 

73 

27 

14.6 

10,000 

20.49 

10.07 

70 

30 

16.1 

11,000 

19.72 

9.70 

68 

32 

17.6 

12,000 

18.98 

9.34 

65 

35 

19.1 

13,000 

18.27 

8.98 

63 

37 

20.6 

14,000 

17.59 

8.65 

60 

40 

22.1 

15,000 

16.93 

8.32 

58 

42 

23.5 

Horse  Power   Required  to    Compress   100   Cubic 
Feet   of    Free    Air   to    Various    Pressures 


Saving,  Two  Stage  over 

Gauge 

Pressures 

Single  Stage 

Two  Stages 

Single  Stage  Compression 

Horse  Power 

Per  Cent. 

40 

10.25 

45 

11.10 

50 

11.87 

55 

12.60 

60 

13.30 

11.71 

1.59 

11.95 

65 

13.97 

12.29 

1.68 

12.03 

70 

14.61 

12.83 

1.78 

12.18 

75 

15.22 

13.33 

1.89 

12.42 

80 

15.81 

13.80 

2.01 

12.71 

85 

16.38 

14.24 

2.14 

13.06 

90 

16.93 

14.64 

2.29                  13.53 

95 

17.46 

15.00 

2.46 

14.09 

100 

17.99 

15.34 

2.65 

14.73 

Table  showing   Cubic   Feet   of  Free   Air 
Required  to  Run  from  One  to  Forty  Machines 


AMOUNT  FREE  AIR  PER  MINUTE 


ROCK   DRILLS 

Pick  Coal 
Machines 

No.  of 

Machines 

UA 

US 

UB 

UC 

UD 

UE 

UF 

3%  in. 

UH 

UK 

4^  in. 

5j/8  in. 

2  in. 

2%  in. 

2^  in. 

«». 

3  in. 

3^8  in. 

3^  in. 

4%  in. 

1 

•65 

67 

70 

95 

110 

112 

115 

130 

140 

110 

130 

2 

110 

115 

120 

160 

190 

194 

200 

235 

250 

200 

240 

3 

156 

165 

174 

234 

279 

284 

294 

340 

360 

290 

340 

A 

196 

206 

220 

304 

356 

361 

372 

435 

460 

370 

430 

5 

230 

240 

260 

370 

425 

433 

445 

520 

555 

450 

520 

6 

264 

275 

294 

426 

486 

498 

516 

600 

642 

530 

610 

n 
4 

294 

305 

329 

476 

546 

560 

581 

670 

721 

610 

700 

8 

320 

335 

360 

520 

600 

618 

640 

740 

800 

690 

790 

9 

360 

375 

405 

585 

675 

695 

720 

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675 

975 
1300 
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1950 
2600 

1125 
1500 
1875 
2250 
3000 

1155 
1545 
1930 
2320 
3100 

1200 
1600 
2000 
2400 
3200 

1380 
1850 
2300 
2770 
3700 

1500 
2000 
2500 
3000 
4000 

1250 
1650 
2000 
2400 
3200 

1420 
1870 
2300 
2800 
3700 

99 


Transmission    of   Compressed    Air 


In  order  to  determine  the  proper  size  of  pipes  to  carry 
a  certain  flow  of  compressed  air,  there  will  be  found  in  the 
following"  pages  four  tables  showing  the  loss  due  to  friction 
in  pipes  one  hundred  feet  in  length,  with  different  diameters 
of  pipes  and  volumes  of  air,  the  initial  pressure  being  60, 
75,  90  and  100  pounds  gauge  pressure  respectively.  To 
ascertain  what  the  terminal  loss  in  pressure  would  amount 
to  in  a  given  case,  turn  to  the  table  corresponding  to  the 
initial  pressure,  and  determine  what  the  loss  would  be  in 
a  pipe  one  hundred  feet  long;  then  nmltiply  the  loss 
in  pressure  found  in  the  table,  by  the  length  of  the  pipe 
in  units  of  one  hundred  feet,  and  the  result  will  be  the 
terminal  loss  in  pressure.  For  example,  suppose  it  is  desired 
to  find  the  loss  in  pressure  due  to  friction  in  a  4-inch  pipe 
1200  feet  long,  carrying  1000  cubic  feet  free  air  compressed 
to  an  initial  gauge  pressure  of  75  pounds  per  square  inch. 
By  referring  to  the  table  on  page  103  the  loss  in  100  feet 
of  pipe  is  .36  pounds;  multiplying  this  factor  by  12  gives 
a  loss  of  4.32  pounds  for  the  entire  length  of  the  pipe, 
or  a  terminal  gauge  reading  of  70.68  pounds. 

To  cause  the  air  to  flow  through  pipes  there  must  be 
some  reduction  in  the  pressure  at  the  discharging  point, 
but  how  greatly  to  restrict  this  loss  in  pressure  is  a  question 
of  business  economy,  as  almost  any  amount  of  mechanical 
efficiency  may  be  obtained,  but  possibly  with  an  extravagant 
expenditure  for  pipe.  It  is  therefore  necessary  to  under- 
stand the  local  conditions  as  to  cost  of  fuel,  labor,  etcetera, 
on  one  hand,  and  the  cost  of  pipe  on  the  other  hand,  before 
a  definite  opinion  can  be  given  on  this  subject. 

Loss  of  pressure  should  not  be  confounded  with  a  loss 
of  power,  as  there  is  nearly  a  corresponding  increase  in 
volume  with  a  reduction  in  the  pressure,  and  hence  the 
loss  in  energy  is  much  smaller  than  the  tables  seem  to 
indicate.  Richards,  in  "Compressed  Air,"  on  this  subject 
has  the  following  to  say: 


100 


"With  pipes  of  proper  size,  and  in  good  condition,  air 
may  be  transmitted,  say,  ten  miles,  with  a  loss  of  pressure 
of  less  than  i  pound  per  mile.  If  the  air  were  at  80  pounds 
gauge,  or  95  pounds  absolute,  upon  entering  the  pipe,  and 
70  pounds  gauge,  or  85  pounds  absolute,  at  the  other  end, 
there  would  be  a  loss  of  a  little  more  than  10  per  cent,  in 
absolute  pressure,  but  at  the  same  time  there  would  be  an 
increase  of  volume  of  n  per  cent,  to  compensate  for  the 
loss  of  pressure,  and  the  loss  of  available  power  would 
be  less  than  3  per  cent.  With  higher  pressures  still  more 
favorable  results  could  be  shown." 


101 


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N  erroneous  idea  some- 
times exists  that  an 
air  receiver  acts  as 
a  reservoir  of  power 
so  that  in  case  the 
compressor  is  tem- 
porarily called  upon  to  deliver 
more  air  than  it  can  produce,  the  storage 
of  power  within  the  receiver  will  supply 
the  deficiency.  A  receiver  for  this  pur- 
pose would  be  large  and  costly,  and  the  money  so  invested 
could  be  more  judiciously  used  in  purchasing  a  compressor 
large  enough  to  meet  its  greatest  demands. 

Receivers  of  ordinary  size  have  several  functions  to  per- 
form, in  equalizing  the  pulsations  in  the  air  coming  from  the 
compressor,  in  collecting  the  water  and  grease  which  the  air 
carries  in  suspension,  and  in  reducing  the  friction  of  the  air 
within  the  pipe  system.  It  is  customary  to  place  a  receiver 
within  a  few  feet  of  the  compressor,  which  serves  principally 
to  equalize  the  pulsations  of  the  air  due  to  the  action  of  the 
compressor,  the  air  coming  to  the  receiver  intermittently  and 
leaving  it  in  a  steady  flow.  A  second  receiver  should  be 
placed  near  where  the  air  is  to  be  used,  the  air  is  cooled  in 
passing  to  it  through  the  pipes,  and  the  water  carried  in 
suspension  precipitated  and  drained  into  this  receiver,  and 
emptied  at  intervals  by  opening  a  valve,  or  discharged  auto- 
matically through  a  suitable  trap.  An  arrangement  of  this 
sort  insures  dry  air  for  the  machines,  and  hence  all  danger 
of  freezing  is  obviated. 


107 


io8 


The      Sullivan      Air      Receivers 


Sullivan  Receivers  are  made  of  homogeneous  steel  of 
60,000  pounds  tensile  strength,  one  sheet  ."being  used  for 
the  smaller  sizes  and  two  or  more  sheets  for  the  larger 
sizes.  The  girth  seams  are  single  and  the  side  seams 
double  riveted,  and  the  receiver  is  thoroughly  tested  and 
made  tight  under  150  pounds  cold-water  pressure.  A  man- 
hole is  provided,  and  the  inlet  and  discharge  pipes  are 
connected  by  flanges. 


Diameter  in 
inches 

Length  in 
feet 

Thickness  of 
Shell  in  inches 

Thickness  of 
Heads  in  inches 

Code  Word 

30 

6 

X 

156 

Kajxam 

36 

6 

X 

X 

Kajxeck 

36 

8 

X 

H 

Kajxelmo 

42 

8 

X 

H 

Kajxezar 

42 

10 

X 

X 

Kajxigon 

48 

12 

A 

A 

Kajxoch 

54 

12 

T5* 

& 

Kajxony 

66 

16 

H 

*/2 

Kajxuso 

Unless  otherwise  specified  there  is  supplied  with  each 
air  receiver :  One  pressure  gauge ;  one  pop  safety  valve ; 
one  blow-off  cock. 


109 


Sullivan  Diamond  Prospecting  Core  Drill.     Single 
cylinder  hydraulic  feed 


no 


Sullivan         and        Bullock 
Diamond      Prospecting      Drills 

For      Rapid      and     Economical     Prospecting 
of       Coal       and       Mineral       Lands 


T  is  now  a  well  estab- 
lished fact  that  the 
only  reliable  and  sat- 
isfactory way  of  drill- 
ing- prospect  holes  is 
by  means  of  a  dia- 
mond core  drill. 
Other  methods  of 
prospecting,  where 
the  churn  drill  pro- 
cess is  used,  are  absolutely  valueless  so  far  as  reliable  results 
are  concerned.  Many  instances  might  be  cited  where  sums 
of  from  one  thousand  to  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  have 
been  thrown  away  in  sinking-  shafts  for  coal  on  records 
furnished  by  churn  drills,  the  supposed  vein  of  coal  proving 
to  be  a  black  bituminous  shale ;  it  is  impossible  to  accurately 
determine  with  the  churn  drill  the  difference  between  coal 
and  black  slate,  or  shale  if  highly  carboniferous. 

The  diamond  drill  bores  a  perfectly  straight  smooth 
hole  to  any  depth,  or  in  any  given  direction  from  vertical 
to  horizontal,  bringing  to  the  surface  a  solid  section  or 
"core"  of  all  strata  passed  through  and  in  order,  showing 
exact  depth,  thickness  and  character  of  the  rock.  This  core 
is  large  enough  to  permit  of  thorough  examination,  analysis 
and  test;  and,  what  is  of  almost  equal  value,  if  the  coal  or 
mineral  sought  for  is  absent,  the  fact  is  determined  beyond 
a  doubt.  It  also  gives  positive  information  of  the  material 
which  would  be  met  in  sinking  a  shaft  to  work  the  coal  or 
mineral  indicated  as  present,  making  it  possible  to  estimate 
closely  the  cost  of  the  shaft. 


in 


Sullivan  Diamond  Prospecting  Core  Drill.     Friction 
feed.     For  underground  use 


112 


The  requirements  of  a  machine  for  such  work  are  many 
and  exacting.  It  must  be  strong",  simple  and  durable, 
economical  in  use  of  power  and  in  the  wear  of  the  diamond 
points  or  "carbon,"  rapid  in  operation,  and  above  all,  its 
work  must  be  accurate  and  reliable,  so  that  the  results 
derived  from  it  will  be  known  to  be  correct,  as  upon  them 
depends  the  expensive  process  of  sinking"  shafts  and  driving 
tunnels,  as  well  as  the  investment  of  large  sums  of  money 
in  land. 

Not  only  for  prospecting  from  the  surface,  but  for  drill- 
ing in  advance  of  levels  underground,  for  sinking  wells  for 
gas,  oil  or  water,  especially  where  coal,  salt  or  other  minerals 
are  looked  for;  in  submarine  work,  for  prospecting  quarry 
lands,  and  for  many  other  special  purposes,  the  diamond 
drill  is  far  superior  to  any  other,  consequently  it  is  in  general 
use,  and  is  considered  essential  to  the  economical  develop- 
ment of  coal  or  mineral  lands,  as  possessing  great  advantage 
in  time,  accuracy  and  economy  over  any  other  method  of 
prospecting. 

The  Sullivan  and  Bullock  Diamond  Prospecting  Core 
Drills  embody  all  the  latest  improvements  suggested  by 
long  experience  in  manufacturing,  as  well  as  in  operating 
such  machines.  This  varied  experience  has  resulted  in  the 
manufacture  of  diamond  drills  having  no  equal  for  accuracy 
and  reliability,  and  wherever  advanced  mining  methods  are 
in  use  the  Sullivan  and  Bullock  Diamond  Drills  are  well 
known,  and  the  large  sale  of  them  in  the  United  States,  as 
well  as  in  most  of  the  foreign'  countries,  proves  the  extent 
of  their  reputation.  One  of  the  greatest  difficulties  in  pros- 
pecting for  coal  has  been  the  inability  to  obtain  a  complete 
core  of  the  coal,  but  during  the  past  few  years  the  company 
has  designed  an  improved  double  tube  core  barrel  which  has 
entirely  overcome  this  difficulty,  and  made  possible  the 
saving  of  full  coal  core. 

In  order  to  make  the  line  as  complete  as  possible,  new 
designs  and  improvements  on  the  old  are  constantly  being 
made.  Machines  are  now  built  with  capacities  for  drilling 
holes  ranging  from  three  hundred  feet  to  over  one  mile 

113 


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114 


in  depth,  operated  by  hand,  steam,  compressed  air  or  elec- 
tric power. 

If  interested  in  diamond  drills,  send  for  the  special  cata- 
logue on  this  subject. 

A  large  assortment  of  black  diamonds  or  "carbon" 
and  bortz  is  carried  in  stock,  which  has  been  selected  by 
experts  from  original  parcels  direct  from  the  mines.  Cus- 
tomers are  thus  assured  of  superior  quality. 

Prices  quoted  upon  application. 


Equipment       Tables     for 
Sullivan     Diamond     Drills 


The  following  equipment  is  furnished  with  the  "RH," 
"H,"  "HG,"  "C,"  "B,"  "HN,"  "CN,"  "N,"  "P," 
"PK"  and  "K"  drills: 


2  blank  bits,  ready  to  set 
205  feet  of  drill  rods  with  couplings 
(2010-ft,  15-ft.) 

1  10-ft  core  barrel 

2  core  lifters 
1  core  shell 

25  feet  4-ply  water  hose  with  con- 
nection, for  drill  rods 
12  feet  4-ply  water  hose  with  con- 
nection,  to  connect  drill  and 
pump 

10  feet  6-ply  steam  hose  with  con- 
nection, for  drill  (5-ply  for 
"C"  and  "H") 

5  feet  2-ply  drip  hose 

1  swivel  steam  connection  for 
engine 

1  wire  rope  (wound  on  hoisting 
drum)  with  hook.  With  "  C  " 
and  "H,"  75  feet  of  ^-in. 
rope ;  with  "  B  "  and  "  N, "  100 
feet  of  >£-in.  rope;  with  "P," 
150  feet  of  ^-in.  rope;  with 
"PK"  and  "K,"  155  feet  of 
IX-in.  rope 

1  drive  chuck 

1  safety  clamp 

2  sheaves  for  hoisting  rods,  with 
straps  and  hooks 

1  lifting  bail  with  clevis 

1  bail  and  bolt  for  sheave 

1  lifting  swivel  or  hoisting  plug, 

with  coupling 
1  water  swivel  with  coupling  and 

elbow 

1  pressure  gauge  for  feed  cyl- 
inder 


1  tool  chest  with  lock  and  key 

1  complete  set  of  diamond-setting 

tools,  consisting  of: 
1  3# -in.  jaw  vise,  with  swiveled 

base 
1  breast   drill  with  5  bits  from 

yi  to  X  in.  diam. 
1  set    of  12  setting  chisels  and 

punches 
1  light    hammer    for    diamond 

setting 
1  pair  each,  6-in.  dividers,  inside 

and  outside  calipers 
1  head   for    holding   bits    while 

setting 

1  machinist's  hammer 

1  screw-driver 

1  draw  bolt  for  gears 

1  copper  strainer  and  union 

1  6-in.  adjustable  level 

2  pairs  pipe  tongs 

1  14-inch  pipe  wrench 

2  12-inch  monkey  wrenches 

1  complete  set  of  solid  wrenches 

for  engine,  chuck,  etc. 
1  hand  oiler 
1  1-gallon  oil  can 

1  engine  oil  cup  with  valve 

2  recovering  taps 

Rubber  and  hemp  packing  and 
waste 

All  pipe  and  fittings  necessary 
to  connect  drill,  pump  and 
boiler 


116 


Equipment      Tables      for 
Sullivan     Diamond    Drills 


The  following-  equipment  is  furnished  with  sizes  "E" 
and  "  S. "  This  same  equipment  is  also  furnished  with  "R" 
and  "RS"  drills,  with  additions  as  per  note  below: 


2  blank  bits  ready  to  set 
200  feet  of   drill  rods  with  coup- 
lings (39  5-ft. ,  5  1-ft.) 
1  5-ft.  core  barrel 
1  core  shell,  and  2  core  lifters 
17  feet  of  1  in  4- ply  steam  hose 
17  feet  of  |^-in.  2-ply  water  hose 
1  water  swivel  with  coupling 
1  lifting  swivel  with  coupling 
1  drive  chuck 
1  safety  clamp 
1  extra  set  of  feed  gears 
1  extra  friction  spring 
1  pressure  gauge 
1  tool  chest  with  lock  and  key 
1  complete    set  of  diamond  set- 
ting tools,  consisting  of: 
1  3^-in.  jaw  vise  with   swiv- 

eled  base 
1  breast  drill,  with  5  bits  from 

^  to  X  in-  diameter 
1  set  of  12  setting  chisels  and 
punches 


1  light    hammer    for    diamond 

setting 

1  pair    each,  6-in.    dividers,   in- 
side and  outside  calipers 
1  head  for  holding  bits 
1  machinist's  hammer 
1  6-in.  adjustable  level 

1  pair  pipe  tongs 

2  14-in.  pipe  wrenches 

2  10-in.  monkey  wrenches 

1  complete   set   of  solid  wrenches 

for  engine,  etc. 
1  13-in.    sheave   wheel  with   strap 

and  hook 
1  hand  oiler 
1  half-gallon  oil  can 

1  engine  oil  cup 

2  recovering  taps 

Rubber  and  hemp  packing,  and 
waste 

Valves  and  fittings  ready  to  con- 
nect to  supply  of  steam  or  com- 
pressed air 


Note.— The  equipment  furnished  with  the  diamond  prospecting  drills  "  R,"  "R  S  " 
and  "  RH  "  includes  also  motor,  carbon  brushes,  switch,  and  extra  fuses,  but  does  not 
include  speed  controllers,  steam  hose,  or  swivel  connection.  With  the  UR"  drill  a 
pump,  attached  to  the  drill  frame,  is  included  in  the  equipment. 


The    following'   equipment   is    furnished  with    the 
(hand  power)   drill: 


M" 


2  blanks  bits  ready  to  set 

1  set  of  12  chisels  and  punches 

for  diamond  setting 
1  head    for  holding    bits    while 

setting 
1 00  feet  of  drill  rods  with  couplings 

(9  10-ft.,  1  5-ft  ,  320-in.) 
1  lever  hand  pump 
1  10-foot  core  barrel 
1  20-in.  core  barrel 
1  core  shell  and  2  lifters 
12  feet  of  1-in.  4-ply  suction  hose 

with  connection  and  strainer 
10  feet  of  >^-in.  2-ply  water  hose 
1  water  swivel 


1  lifting  swivel 

1  coupling,  drive  spindle  to  rods 
1  safety  clamp 

1  complete    set    of    feed    gears  (3 
pairs) 

1  tool  box  with  lock  and  key 

2  pairs  pipe  tongs 

1  14-in.  pipe  wrench 

1  10-in.  monkey  wrench 

1  complete  set  of  solid  wrenches 

1  hand  oil  can 

1  half-gallon  oil  can 

2  hand  cranks 

1  13-in.   sheave  wheel  with   strap 
and  hook 


Bullock  Diamond  Prospecting  Core  Drill.     Twin 
hydraulic  cylinder  feed 


US 


Bullock   Diamond   Prospecting  Core   Drill. 
Screw  feed 


Horse 
Power 
Connection 


Bullock  Diamond  Prospecting  Core  Drill.     Hand, 
horse  or  belt  power,  screw  feed 


120 


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121 


Equipment       Tables      f  °  r 
Bullock       Diamond      Drills 


The  following"  equipment 
"  Champion  "  and  "  Detector 

2  blank  bits,  ready  to  set 
205  feet  of  drill  rods  with  couplings 
(20  10-ft.,  1  5-ft.) 

1  20-in.  core  barrel  (only  neces- 
sary with  the  "Beauty"  drill) 

1  10-ft.  core  barrel 

1  core  shell  and  2  core  lifters 
20  feet  4-ply  water  hose,  with  con- 
nection   to   connect  drill  and 
pump 

1  wire  rope  (wound  on  hoist- 
ing drum)  with  hook.  With 
' '  Champion  "  and  '  •  Beauty, " 
75  feet  of  ^-in.  rope;  with 
"Detector,"  100  feet  )^-in.  rope 

1  safety  clamp 

1  sheave  for  hoisting  rods,  with 
strap  and  hook 

1  lifting  bail  with  clevis 

1  bail  and  bolt  for  sheave 

1  lifting  swivel  or  hoisting  plug, 
with  coupling 

1  water  swivel,  with  coupling 
and  elbow 

1  tool  chest  with  lock  and  key 

1  pound  No.  18  copper  wire 

1  machinist's  hammer 


is  furnished  with  the  "Beauty," 
"  drills: 

1  complete  set  of  diamond-setting 
tools,  consisting  of : 

1  3X-in.  jaw  vise,  with  swiveled 
base 

1  breast  drill,  with  5  bits  from 
^-in.  to  X~in-  diameter 

1  set  of  12  setting  chisels  and 
punches 

1  light  hammer  for  diamond  set- 
ting 

1  pair  each,  6-inch  dividers,  in- 
side and  outside  calipers 

1  head   for    holding    bits   while 
setting 

1  6-in.  adjustable  level 

2  pairs  pipe  tongs,  adjustable  1  to 

2  inches 

1  14-in.  pipe  wrench 

2  12-in.  monkey  wrenches 

1  complete  set  of  solid  wrenches  for 

engine,  chuck,  etc. 
1  hand  oiler 
1  1 -gallon  oil  can 

1  engine  oil  cup,  with  valve 

2  recovering  taps 

Rubber  and  hemp  packing ;  waste 

All  pipe  and  fittings  necessary  to 

connect  drill  pump  and  boiler 


The  following"  equipment  is  furnished  with  the  "Badger"  drill : 


2  blank  bits  ready  to  set 
200  feet  of  drill  rods,   with  coup- 
lings (39  5-ft.,  5  1-ft.) 
1  20-in.  core  barrel 
1  5-ft.  core  barrel 
1  core  shell  and  2  core  lifters 
20  feet  of  >^-in.  3-ply  water  hose 
I  water  swivel,  with  coupling 
1  lifting  swivel,  with  coupling 
I  safety  clamp 
1  extra  set  of  feed  gears 
1  tool  chest,  with  lock  and  key 
1  complete   set  of   diamond-set- 
ting tools,  consisting  of : 
1  3X~m-  Jaw  vise,  with  swiv- 
eled base 
1  breast  drill,  with  5  bits  from 

>6-m.  to  X'in-  diameter. 
1  set  of  12  setting  chisels  and 

punches 

1  light  hammer  for   diamond 
setting 


1  pair  each,  6-in.  dividers,  inside 
and  outside  calipers 

1  head  for  holding  bits 
1  machinist's  hammer 
1  6-in.  adjustable  level 

1  pair  pipe  tongs 

2  14-in.  pipe  wrenches 

2  10-in.  monkey  wrenches 

1  complete  set   of  solid  wrenches 

for  engine,  etc. 
1  13-in.  sheave  wheel,  with   strap 

and  hook 
1  hand  oiler 
1  half -gallon  oil  can 

1  engine  oil  cup 

2  recovering  taps 

Rubber  and  hemp  packing  and 
waste 

Valves  and  fittings  ready  to  con- 
nect to  supply  of  steam  or  com- 
pressed air 


122 


Prospecting      by       Contract 
with       the       Diamond      Drill 


ATTENTION   is   called  to   the    fact  that   the   company 
contracts  for  diamond  prospecting  core  drilling  of  all 
kinds    and  in  any   part    of   the    country.      Making   a 
specialty  of  this  line  of  work  for  years,  a  wide  and  varied 
experience  has  been  gained.     The  policy  of  keeping  the  drill 
men    constantly   employed,    and    with    a    number  of    outfits 
reserved  for  this  purpose,  enables  prompt  execution  of  con- 
tract drilling  of  any  kind  and  in  any  locality. 

Correspondence  on  this  subject  is  solicited,  and  estimates 
of  cost  will  gladly  be  furnished  upon  receipt  of  information 
as  to  the  conditions  of  the  work. 


123 


The  Sullivan  Rock  Drill.  Rock  drill  mounted  on 
double  screw  column  at  work  in  coal  mine  taking 
down  roof 


124 


The      Sullivan      Rock     Drill 


For         Excavatin 


Rock 


PERCUSSIVE  rock 
drill  is  a  very  valu- 
able and  useful  ad- 
junct in  and  about 
coal  mines,  as  it  may 
be  used  successfully 
and  economically  in 
shaft  sinking,  in 
driving  slopes  or 
drifts  through  solid 
rock,  in  taking  down 
roof  or  in  lifting 

bottom  to  obtain  increased  height,  and  in  driving  through 
"faults"  or  "horsebacks";  in  fact,  a  Sullivan  Rock  Drill  will 
save  much  time  and  expense  over  any  other  means  of  driving 
throtigh  rock.  In  general,  about  coal  mines  very  little  atten- 
tion has  been  paid  to  the  cost  of  rock  excavation,  and  this 
in  many  cases  is  one  of  the  serious  leaks  in  expense. 

The  Sullivan  Rock  Drill  is  a  reciprocating  or  striking 
machine  driven  by  compressed  air  or  steam,  and  is  the  result 
of  years  of  careful  study  and  experimenting.  In  its  design, 
special  attention  has  been  given  to  the  strengthening  of  parts 
found  to  cause  continuous  trouble  in  other  makes,  and  also 
to  the  reduction  of  the  number  of  working  parts,  the  object 
being  to  exceed  the  drilling  capacity  of  any  other  machine, 
and  at  the  same  time  greatly  reduce  the  cost  for  repairs. 

For  rapid  work,  special  attention  has  been  given  to  the 
design  of  the  valve  motion,  to  secure  a  hard,  quick  blow, 
which  can  be  regulated  as  to  length  of  stroke  and  force 
of  blow  to  give  the  best  results  in  starting  the  hole  and 
working  through  seams  in  broken  rock. 

The  valves  are  designed  for  either  steam  or  air,  and 
when  air  is  used  will  not  freeze  up  or  stick.  The  valves 


125 


The    Sullivan    Rock    Drill    mounted    on 
adjustable  tripod 

126 


are  balanced,  making  the  wear  but  slight  and  allowing  the 
whole  power  of  the  steam  or  air  to  be  utilized  for  effective 
work  instead  of  wasted  in  overcoming  friction. 

Another  important  requirement  in  a  rock  drill  valve 
motion  has  been  provided  for  in  the  Sullivan,  viz.,  that  the 
drill  should  have  a  powerful  up  stroke  or  lift.  This  is  fully 
as  important  as  a  heavy  down  stroke  or  blow,  and  comes 
into  play  in  the  proper  "  mudding "  of  the  drill-hole  (keep- 
ing the  mud  well  out  from  below  the  bit)  and  securing  rapid 
work  in  caving  or  seamy  ground,  which  tends  to  stick  the 
drill  steel.  There  are  several  drills  on  the  market  that  are 
good  in  hard  ground  but  inefficient  in  soft,  or  vice  versa; 
but  it  is  claimed  for  the  Sullivan  that  it  will  give  the  best 
results  obtainable  in  either  —  that  it  is  an  all-round  machine. 

To  secure  economy,  the  drill  is  so  constructed  as  to  do 
rapid  work  with  the  least  possible  consumption  of  steam  or 
air,  and  simplicity  and  strength  united  with  speed  make  the 
cost  of  work  low.  Cost  of  repairs  will  be  found  slight,  as 
the  drill  is  strong  and  durable.  The  working  parts  are 
simple,  and  are  made  perfectly  interchangeable,  so  that 
parts  worn  out  or  broken  by  accident  may  be  easily  and 
rapidly  replaced. 

Further  economy  and  convenience  are  secured  by  making 
the  drills,  tripods,  columns  and  all  attachments  easy  to  adjust, 
compact,  and  as  light  as  consistent  with  ample  strength. 
The  tripod  may  be  set  conveniently  for  all  classes  of  work, 
and  the  weights  quickly  removed  and  easily  handled. 

The  improved  features  of  the  drill,  tripod,  etc.,  are  all 
covered  by  patents. 

If  interested  in  rock  drills,  send  for  the  special  catalogue  on 
this  subject. 


127 


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s 


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ta    O 
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128 


T/ie     Sullivan     Adjustable     Tripod: 
i  g  h  t  s    and     Spec  i  fi  cations 


Size 

Used  with  Drills 
Size 

Weight  in  Pounds 

Code  Word 

Tripod 
Only 

(3)  Weights 
Only 

Total 
Shipping 

U2 

UA,  US 

110 

216 

326 

Bamboozle 

U3 

UB,  UC 

200 

306 

506 

Bamburral 

U6 

UD,   UE,  UF  i          230 

342 

572 

Banalidade 

U7 

UH,  UK                345 

390 

735 

Banality 

For  weights  and  specifications  of  rock  drills  for  attach- 
ing- to  the  above  tripods,   see  page  128. 

NOTE.  — The  U  D  drill  can  be  used  on  U  3  tripod  if  the  work  is  light, 
but  this  mounting  is  not  recommended  for  deep  holes. 


129 


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130 


Weights     and     Specifications     of    Drill 
Steels    for     Sullivan     Rock     Drills 

(Formed  and  Sharpened,   but  not   Tempered) 


For  Drill  "UA"—  2  Inches—  Feed  12  Inches 

Size  of  Shank,  K  in.  x  3%  in. 

Regular  Size 
of  Gauge 

Length  Steel         Name  of  Each         ~.        f  Q,     ,           Weight  in 
will  Cut                   Length                                                   Pounds 

Ifc 

1% 
1# 

5* 

1  ft.  0  in.                    Starter                        %  in.                          8J£ 
2  ft.  0  in.                  2d   length                    %  in.                          5 
3  ft.  0  in.                  3d   length                    K  in.                          6 
4  ft.  0  in.                  4th  length                    %  in.                          7^ 
5  ft.  0  in.                  5th  length                    K  in.                          9 

Code  word,  set 
Code  word,  set 
Code  word,  set 

co  3  ft                       .             Betaalde 

to  4  ft                                                                                                      Betaculi 

to  5  ft  .               .  .  Betaculus 

For  Drill  "US"—  2#  Inches—  Feed  15  Inches 

Size  of  Shank,  %  in.  x  4  in. 

Regular  Size  of                Length  Steel 
Gauge                             will  Cut 

Size  of  Steel 

Weight  in 
Pounds 

l&in. 
IK  in. 
1J*  in. 
l&in. 
l#in. 

1  ft.  3  in. 
2  ft.  6  in. 
3  ft.  9  in. 
5  ft.  0  in. 
6  ft.  3  in. 

lin. 

1  in. 
%  in. 
%  in. 
Kin. 

5 
9 
10 
13 
16 

Code  word,  set 
Code  word,  set 
Code  word,  set 

to  3  ft  9  in                                   Betagt 

to  5  ft  0  in                                                                                        Betakelen 

to  6  ft.  3  in  .       .                 Bet  alter 

For  Drill  UUB"—  2^  Inches—  Feed  20  Inches 

Size  of  Shank,  %  in.  x  4%  in. 

Regular  Size  of                 Length  Steel 
Gauge                             will  Cut 

Size  of  Steel 

Weight  in 
Pounds 

IK  in. 
IK  in. 
1J*  in. 
l^iin. 

IK  in. 

1  ft.  8  in. 
3  ft.  4  in. 
5  ft.  0  in. 
6  ft.  8  in. 
8  ft.  4  in. 

lin. 
lin. 
%  in. 
%  in. 
%  in. 

7 
11 
13 
17 
21 

Code  word,  set 
Code  word,  set 
Code  word,  set 

to  5  ft  0  in                                                                   .        Beterschap 

to  6  ft.  8  in                 Biconge 

to  8  ft  4  in                                                              Biconvexo 

For  Drill  "  UC  "—  2&  Inches—  Feed  24  Inches 

Size  of  Shank,  1  in.  x  4J^  in. 

Regular  Size  of                Length  Steel 
Gauge                             will  Cut 

Size  of  Steel 

Weight  in 
Pounds 

2/8  in. 
2     in. 
1%  in. 
IK  in- 
IK  in. 
1#  in. 

2  ft.  0  in. 
4  ft.  0  in. 
6  ft.  0  in. 
8  ft.  0  in. 
10  ft.  0  in. 
12ft.  Oin. 

\%  in. 
l/s  in. 
1     in. 
1     in. 
1     in. 
1     in. 

10 
18 
20 
25 
30 
35 

Code  word,  set 
Code  word,  set 
Code  word,  set 
Code  word,  set 

to   6  ft  0  in                                  Bicorpor 

to   8  ft  0  in                                           Bicrural 

to  10  ft  Oin                      Bicuculle 

to  12  ft.  0  in  Bicuda 

131 


Weights     and    Spec  ifi  cations     of    Drill 
Steels  for    Sullivan    Rock    Drills — Continued 


For  Drill  "  UD  "—3      Inches  ) 
For  Drill  "  UE  "—  3^  Inches  >•  Feed  24  Inches 
For  Drill  "UP"—  8#  Inches  j 

Size  of  Shank,  1%  in.  x  4%  in. 

Regular  Size 
of  Gauge 

Length  Steel 
will  Cut 

Size  of  Steel 

Weight  in 
Pounds 

2Kin. 
2H  in. 
2Kin. 
2/8  in. 
2     in. 
l%in. 
IK  in. 
Wn. 

2  ft.  0  in. 
4  ft.  0  in. 
6  ft.  0  in. 
8  ft.  0  in. 
10  ft.  0  in. 
12  ft.  0  in. 
14  ft.  0  in. 
16  ft.  0  in. 

IK  in: 
IK  in. 

IK  in. 
154  in. 
l/s  in. 
iys  in. 
1/8  in. 
\%  in. 

11 
19 
23 
31 
39 
47 
55 
63 

Code  word,  set  to  10  f 
Code  word,  set  to  12  f 
Code  word,  set  to  14  \ 
Code  word,  set  to  16  f 

t.  0  in  Bidbank 

t  o  in                          .  .          Biddende 

t  Oin                                                                                             Bidelle 

t  0  in                    Bidelulf 

For  Drill  "UH"—  3%  Inches—  Feed  30  Inches 

Size  of  Shank,  IK  in.  x  5K  in. 

Regular  Size 
of  Gauge 

Length  Steel 
will  Cut 

Size  of  Steel 

Weight  in 
Pounds 

3     in. 
m  in. 
2%  in. 
2%  in. 
2K  in. 
2#in. 
2%  in. 
2l/s  in. 

2  ft.  6  in. 
5  ft.  0  in. 
7  ft.  6  in. 
10  ft.  0  in. 
12  ft.  6  in. 
15  ft.  0  in. 
17  ft.  6  in. 
20  ft.  0  in. 

l&in 

.     1^  in 
l^in 
1^  in 
1%  in 
IjJ  in 
IK  in 
IK  in 

18 
32 
37 

48 
59 
70 
81 
92 

Code  word,  set  to  12  i 
Code  word,  set  to  15  i 
Code  word,  set  to  17  i 
Code  word,  set  to  20  f 

t  6  in                              .        .                              Bidplaats 

t  0  in                                                                                        Bidstond 

t  6  in               Biquejar 

t  0  in                                                                                            Biqutnho 

For  Drill  "UK"-—  4K  Inches—  Feed  30  Inches 

Size  of  Shank,  IK  in-  x  6  in. 

Regular  Size 
of  Gauge 

Length  Steel 
will  Cut 

Size  of  Steel 

Weight  in 
Pounds 

3^  in. 
3Kin. 
3%  in. 
3%;  in. 
3%  in. 
3     in. 
2%  in. 
2^in. 
25/8  in. 
2K  in. 
2^  in. 

2  ft.  6  in. 
5  ft.  0  in. 
7  ft.  6  in. 
10  ft.  0  in. 
12  ft.  6  in. 
15  ft.  0  in. 
17  ft.  6  in. 
20  ft.  0  in. 
22  ft.  6  in. 
25  ft.  0  in. 
27  ft.  6  in. 

l^in. 
IfSin. 
1*6  in. 
IK  in. 
IK  in. 
IK  in. 
IK  in. 
IK  in. 
IK  in. 
IK  in. 
IK  in- 

27 
47 
66 
74 
90 
107 
123 
140 
156 
174 
190 

Code  word,  set  to  20 
Code  word,  set  to  22 
Code  word,  set  to  25 
Code  word,  set  to  27  i 

"t  0  in                                                                                       .  Birkens 

"t  6  in  Birkwein 

"t  0  in                                                              .             Bialaba, 

't  6  in                                                                                             Birlabais 

State  whether  +  or  X  bits  are  wanted,  and  also  give  gauge  or  size  hole  required. 

NOTE. — Regular  gauge  as  above,  with  -f-  bits,  will  be  furnished  unless  otherwise 
directed. 

As  the  temper  of  steel  should  vary  according  to  the  hardness  of  the  rock,  the  drills 
are  sent  out  untempered,  thus  allowing  the  local  blacksmith  to  temper  them  to  suit 
the  special  conditions. 

132 


CROSS-OVER 


134 


The      Mitchell      and     Wilson 
Automatic     Cross-Over    Dumps 

For      Slope       or      Drift      Mines 


N  these  days  of 
large  operations 
a  great  deal  of 
attention  has 
been  given  to  the 
tipple,  so  that 
the  coal  may  be 
dumped  rapidly 
and  economi- 
cally, at  the  same 
time  permitting 
perfect  screening  with  the  least  possible  breakage  of  the 
coal.  During  past  years  a  crude  timber  structure  was  usually 
erected  at  the  mine  opening,  upon  which  an  ordinary  dump 
was  placed.  This  dump  was  made  so  that  the  car  had  to  be 
run  upon  it  with  considerable  momentum,  in  order  that  the 
dump  would  tip  at  a  sufficient  angle  to  empty  the  car  of  its 
coal,  and  of  course  this  resulted  in  the  coal  being  thrown 
violently  upon  the  chute  or  screen,  thus  breaking  it  and 
permitting  of  only  imperfect  screening.  After  the  car  had 
discharged  its  contents,  the  dump  had  to  be  pulled  back  to 
a  horizontal  position  and  the  empty  car  backed  off  before 
the  next  loaded  car  could  take  its  place  on  the  dump.  In 
order  to  reach  a  fair  tonnage,  five  or  six  men  were  required 
upon  the  tipple  to  handle  and  re-handle  the  cars.  It  is  now 
the  customary  practice  to  design  a  coal  tipple  so  that  every 
arrangement  will  be  as  convenient,  economical  and  service- 
able as  possible  for  the  production  of  a  large  tonnage.  The 
crude  tipple  of  bygone  days  has  therefore  given  way  to  sub- 
stantial wooden  structures,  and  in  many  cases  steel  has  been 
used  for  additional  durability  and  safety. 


3 

<  ?. 


•o  2 


To  meet  the  conditions  where  greater  tonnage  and 
economies  were  desired,  the  Mitchell  Automatic  Cross-over 
Dump  was  designed  and  patented  a  number  of  years  ago,  its 
principal  features  being  that  the  loaded  car  was  run  upon  a 
tilting  track  section,  was  dumped,  and,  by  reason  of  the  differ- 
ence in  weight  between  the  loaded  and  empty  car,  the  tilting 
track  section  resumed  a  horizontal  position  automatically  after 
the  car  had  discharged  its  load.  The  next  loaded  car  was  then 
run  forward,  and  the  wheels  striking  a  projecting  arm  on  the 
track,  threw  the  horns  that  held  the  first  car  in  place,  and 
running  into  the  first  car  forced  it  across  the  dumping  section. 
The  first  car  being  free  from  its  load,  continued  forward  and 
up  a  steep  incline,  returning  by  means  of  a  spring  switch  upon 
the  track  for  empty  cars,  the  entire  movement  of  the  cars 
being  regulated  by  gravity  through  specially  constructed 
grades,  which  movement  is  shown  by  the  engraving  on  the 
opposite  page.  By  means  of  a  friction  brake  the  tilting  of  the 
car  is  completely  under  the  control  of  the  dumper,  hence  the 
coal  is  spread  evenly  over  the  screen  and  perfect  screening 
is  obtained  with  the  least  possible  breakage  of  the  coal. 

Not  having  to  back  the  empty  car  off  the  dump  after 
being  emptied  permitted  the  Mitchell  dump  to  vastly  increase 
the  tipple  capacity  of  a  mine  with  even  fewer  men  than  if 
the  ordinary  dump  was  in  use.  Actual  runs  of  from  2,500 
to  4,000  tons  have  been  made  over  one  of  these  automatic 
dumps  in  a  shift. 

Later  were  secured  the  rights  and  patents  of  the  Wilson 
Automatic  Cross-over  Dump,  which,  embodying  the  same 
general  features  as  the  Mitchell,  differed  in  some  of  the 
mechanical  details.  In  the  Mitchell  dump  the  rails  directly 
in  front  of  the  tilting  section  are  spread  as  the  car  is  being 
dumped,  so  that  the  coal  in  falling  to  the  screen  or  chute 
below  does  not  strike  the  rails;  in  the  Wilson  the  front  rails 
are  dropped  out  of  the  way;  otherwise  these  two  dumps 
are  practically  identical.  For  narrow  gauges  of  track,  say 
thirty-six  inches  and  less,  the  Mitchell  is  recommended,  while 
for  gauges  of  track  in  excess  of  thirty-six  inches  the  Wilson 
dump  is  recommended. 

137 


Both  of  these  dumps  are  strong-  and  simple  in  construc- 
tion, being-  built  to  withstand  particularly  hard  use,  and  in 
the  event  of  becoming  damaged  the  mine  blacksmith  can 
usually  make  the  necessary  repairs. 

But  a  small  expense  is  necessary  to  arrange  an  old  tipple 
for  either  of  these  dumps,  simply  requiring  a  new  set  of 
grades  in  approaching  and  leaving  the  dump  and  which  any 
mine  carpenter  can  construct,  following  blue  prints  furnished 
by  the  company.  In  the  erection  of  a  new  tipple,  the  neces- 
sary grades  may  be  built  without  any  additional  expense. 

As  each  dump  has  to  be  especially  made  to  conform  to 
the  mine  car,  the  following  car  specifications  are  required  in 
order  to  give  a  proper  estimate  on  the  cost,  etcetera: 

1.  Length  of  mine  car  over  all. 

2.  Distance  between  centers  of  axles. 

3.  Diameter  of  wheels. 

4.  Gauge  of  track. 

5.  Weight  of  empty  car  and  loaded  car. 

6.  Distance  from  center  of  axle  to  front  end  of  draw-bar. 


138 


VENTILATING 

F  A  N    S 
WINDING 
E  N   G  1   N    E    S 


T h  e     Champion      V e  ntilator 
A     Fan    for     Ventilating     Coal     Mines 


HERE  is  no  ques- 
tion but  that  the 
•  tendency  about 
most  coal  mines 
is  to  increase  the 
pressure  of  the 
ventilating  cur- 
rents and  the  vol- 
ume of  air  which 
enters  the  mine. 
In  times  gone  by, 
little  attention  was  given  to  the  problem  of  mine  ventilation ; 
in  some  cases  no  artificial  means  was  provided,  and  in  others 
a  furnace  was  employed  to  move  the  air;  but  of  course  this 
was  during  the  time  of  small  operations.  Along  with  the 
development  of  large  mines  with  miles  of  air  courses,  the 
working  of  thin  seams  of  coal,  and  particularly  the  operation 
of  coal  mines  generating  explosive  or  noxious  gases,  came  a 
call  for  a  fan  of  exceptional  efficiency.  The  Champion 
Ventilator  was  designed  to  meet  this  growing  demand,  and, 
invented  about  thirty  years  ago,  is  the  pioneer  of  all  high 
pressure  mine  fans.  Constant  improvements  since  its  first 
introduction  have  been  made,  fully  keeping  pace  with  the 
most  advanced  engineering  practice. 

The  first  fans  were  built  of  wood,  but  owing  to  the 
danger  of  fire  and  for  sake  of  greater  durability  they  are 
now  built  completely  of  sheet  steel,  thoroughly  braced  and 
stiffened.  As  it  is  a  well-known  fact  that  it  is  important  to 
be  able  to  reverse  the  air  current  within  a  mine,  successful 
mine  fans  should  be  quickly  convertible  from  blower  to  ex- 
haust, or  vice  versa.  This  may  be  accomplished  by  two 
different  devices.  One  consists  of  a  reversible  hood  or  inner 
casing  which  may  be  rotated  around  the  axis  by  means  of  a 


141 


142 


hand  wheel,  thus  catising  the  fan  to  become  a  blower  or 
exhauster  as  desired.  The  other  reverses  the  current  by 
the  opening"  or  closing  of  doors  located  in  the  drift  leading 
into  the  mine.  The  latter  arrangement  is  generally  pre- 
ferred, as  it  is  more  simple  and  represents  less  initial  cost. 
The  fan  wheel  consists  of  practically  two  fans  joined  together 
by  a  common  center  ring,  the  openings  in  the  sides  being 
of  ample  size  to  admit  the  air  freely  to  the  interior  and  the 
blades.  These  are  constructed  with  such  a  curvature  as  to 
propel  or  lift  outward  the  maximum  amount  of  air  with  the 
minimum  resistance,  and  consequent  minimum  expenditure 
of  power.  As  the  water  gauge  or  pressure  of  air  is  depend- 
ent upon  the  periphery  speed  of  the  fan  wheel,  it  has  been 
made  very  strong  and  stiff,  to  permit  of  fast  rotation.  The 
shaft  is  of  large  diameter  and  hence  practically  free  from 
vibration;  it  is  extended  to  one  side  of  the  fan  for  connec- 
tion with  the  engine  shaft  if  direct  connected,  or  for  attach- 
ing a  pulley  if  belt  driven. 

If  interested  in  mine  fans,  send  for  the  special  catalogue 
on  this  subject. 


143 


Table  of  Improved  Champion   Ventilator 

Steel       Casing       and       Fan       W  heel 


Fan  Wheel 

Discharge 

at  Given 

Outside 
Diam. 
Feet 

Width 
O  vet- 
Vanes, 
Feet 

Number 
of 
Revolu- 
tions 
per  Minute 

Speed  at 
Tips  of 
Vanes  or 
Periphery 
Speed, 
Feet  per 
Minute 

Speed  at 
2  Inches 
Water 
Gauge 
Pressure, 
Cubic  Feet 
per 
Minute 

Actual 
Horse 
Power 
Engine 
Required 

Code  Word 

4 

2 

609 

7,653 

22,000 

10.5 

C  ha  sab  or 

6 

3 

406 

7,653 

49,000 

23.5 

Chasappa 

8 

4 

305 

7,664 

88,000 

42.0 

Chasenon 

10 

5 

244 

7,662 

137,000 

65.5 

Chaserio 

12 

6 

203 

7,653 

197,000 

94.0 

Chasofic 

14 

7 

174 

7,653 

269,000 

128 

Chasonat 

16 

8 

153 

7,689 

350,000 

167 

Chasutos 

144 


Table       of       Horse        Powers 

Theoretical  and  Actual  Horse  Power  required  to  move  a  given  quantity  of  air 


WATER 

GAUGE 

Cubic  Feet 

of  Air 

« 

X 

1 

IK 

If* 

w 

2 

« 

3 

15,000         | 

1 
1 

1 

(i 

1.7 
2.5 

2.3 
3.5 

2   ^ 

4!i 

\ 

3.5 
5.2 

4. 
6. 

1 
5 

4.7 

7.1 

5.9 
8.9 

7.0 
11.0 

J 

1 

5 

2.3 

3.1 

3  < 

) 

4.7 

5. 

5 

6.2 

7. 

8 

9.5 

/*0,000 

2 

5 

3.3 

4.6 

5/ 

r 

7.0 

8. 

3 

9.4 

11. 

9 

14.8 

J 

2.0 

3.0 

4.0 

5.0 

6.0 

7.0 

8.0 

10.0 

11.7 

1               / 

2 

8 

4.3 

5.8 

7.( 

5 

8.8 

10. 

1 

12.1 

15. 

1 

18.3 

2 

2 

3.4 

4.6 

4.* 

i 

7.0 

8. 

2 

9.4 

11. 

s 

14.0 

30,000 

3.2 

5.0 

7.0 

8.S 

i 

10.4 

13.0 

14.2 

17. 

8 

22.0 

i 

3 

8 

4.7 

6.3 

3 

9.5 

11. 

) 

12.6 

15. 

7 

18.9 

40,000         -j 

4 

7 

6.7 

9.0 

11.5 

14.0 

16. 

G 

19.5 

23. 

7 

29.5 

KA  AAA                 ; 

3 

9 

5.9 

7.9 

9.i 

3 

LI.  8 

13. 

s 

15.7 

19 

G 

23.5 

50,UUO 

5 

5 

8.4 

11.6 

14.4 

17.4 

20. 

9 

23.8 

29 

7 

36.7 

on  AAA            ^ 

4 

7 

7.1 

9.5 

ll.( 

3 

L4.2 

16. 

G 

18.8 

23 

6 

28.3 

ou,uou       -j 

6 

7 

10.1 

14.0 

16.4 

20.8 

25. 

2 

28.5 

35 

7 

44.3 

I 

5 

X 

8.2 

1 

1.0 

18.' 

16.5 

21. 

2 

22.0 

27 

r, 

33.0 

70,000 

7.8 

11.6 

16.2 

20.2 

24.5 

32. 

) 

33.0 

41 

0 

51.5 

6 

8 

9.4 

1 

2.6 

15.' 

r 

L9.0 

22. 

0 

25.0 

31 

5 

38.0 

80,000 

9.0 

13.4 

18.5 

23.  ^ 

[ 

i 

28.0 

33. 

37.9 

47.7 

59.5 

6 

6 

9.9 

1 

3.3 

16.  J 

> 

i 

20.0 

23. 

2 

27.0 

33 

;-, 

40.0 

85,000 

9 

4 

14.2 

19.6 

3 

, 

29.4 

35.2 

40.8 

50 

s 

62.5 

7 

1 

10.3 

1 

4.2 

17^ 

( 

i 

21.2 

24. 

5 

28.0 

35 

5 

42.5 

90,000 

10 

1 

15.2 

2 

0.5 

25.  ( 

; 

31.2 

37. 

> 

42.5 

53 

0 

66.5 

i 

8 

0 

12.0 

1 

6.0 

20.  ( 

j 

• 

24.0 

28. 

} 

32.0 

40 

0 

47.0 

100,000         -) 

11.4 

17.2 

2 

3.5 

29.5 

35.3 

42. 

5 

48.5 

60 

7 

73.3 

i 

10 

0 

15.0 

8 

0.0 

25.  ( 

) 

JO.O 

35. 

) 

40.0 

49 

0 

59.0 

12o,000         •< 

14.3 

21.4 

2 

9.4 

36.8 

44.1 

53. 

i 

60.7 

74 

2 

92.0 

150,000         -[ 

12.0 
17.1 

18.0 
25.7 

24.0 
35.3 

30.0 
44.1 

36.0 
53.0 

42. 
63. 

0 
5 

47.0 
71.1 

59 
89 

0 
2 

71.0 
101.5 

175,000         ] 

14.0 
20.0 

21.0 
30.0 

28.0 
41.2 

35.0 
51.2 

42.0 
61.8 

49. 
74. 

) 
0 

55.0 
83.2 

102 

0 
3       1 

83.0 
23.0 

200,000         -j 

16.0 
22.9 

24.0 
34.3 

32.0 
47.0 

40.0 
58.8 

47.0 
68.0 

56.0 

84.8 

63.0 
95.2 

79 
120 

0         94.0 
0       146.5 

i 

18 

0 

27.0 

3 

6.0 

45.  ( 

i 

53.0 

63. 

) 

71.0 

89 

0 

1 

06.0 

225,000         1 

25.7 

38.6 

53.0 

66.0 

78.0 

95. 

2 

107.6 

132 

5 

166.0 

19 

5 

29.3 

3 

9.0 

48.  J 

3 

39.0 

68. 

8 

79.0 

98 

0       1 

18.0 

250,000 

27 

.9 

42.0 

57.2 

71.1 

3 

86.8 

103. 

5 

120.0 

148 

"2 

1 

82.2 

21 

5 

32.2 

4 

3.0 

53.' 

r 

35.0 

75. 

•j 

86.0 

108 

o 

1 

30.0 

275,000 

30 

45.7 

6 

3.2 

78.  J 

3 

95.5 

114. 

) 

130.1 

162 

0       203.0 

23 

5 

35.2 

1 

7.0 

58/ 

r 

' 

n.o 

82. 

3 

94.0 

118 

0 

1 

41.0 

300,000 

33 

7 

50.0 

6 

9.0 

86J 

j 

1 

)4.0 

122. 

>•» 

142.2 

178 

5 

2 

20.0 

27 

r, 

41.2 

55.0 

68.7 

38.0 

96. 

3 

110.0 

138.0       165.0 

350,000 

39 

8 

59.0 

8 

0.8 

100., 

5 

1 

20.0 

140. 

S 

167.0 

209 

I) 

2 

57.8 

400,000 

31.5 
45.0 

47.3 
67.5 

63.0 
92.8 

78.8 
113.0 

95.0 
140.0 

110. 
167. 

126.0 
191.0 

157 

238 

0 
0 

189.0 
295.1 

, 

35 

6 

53.0 

1.0 

88., 

>    1 

)6.0       124. 

d 

141.0 

175 

(i 

2 

12.0 

450,000         < 

50.9 

75.1 

104.0 

130.0       156.0       188. 

I 

214.0 

265 

0 

g 

30.0 

Height  of 

Water   Column 

in 

Inches  Corresponding 

to  Pressures  in   Ounces  or 

Pounds  per   Square 

Foot 

Inches    Water 

Gauge  

u    K 

1 

IK 

1% 

1% 

2 

2K 

21/2     2^ 

3 

3K 

3% 

Ounces  

.29      .43 

.58 

n 

2      .87 

1.01 

1.16 

1.30 

1.44    1.59 

1.74 

1.88 

2.03 

Lbs.  per  Sq.  Ft... 

2.6     3.9 

5.2 

6.5 

7.8 

9.1 

10.4 

11.7 

13.0    14.8 

15.6 

16.9 

18.1 

145 


II 

1 


CO    £ 


146 


Sullivan      Winding     Engines 

For       Hoisting       and       Hauling 


HIS  company  makes 
a  specialty  of  large 
hoisting  and  hauling 
engines,  which  are 
constructed  with 
especial  reference  to 
simplicity,  compact- 
ness, efficiency  and 
durability.  Sullivan 
Winding  Engines 
are  fully  up  to  mod- 
ern requirements, 
and  before  shipment  is  made  the  engines  are  tested  under  full 
steam  pressure,  thus  insuring  that  every  part  is  in  perfect 
condition  for  immediate  and  continuous  duty. 

The  Corliss  frame  with  bored  cross-head  guides  has 
been  adopted  as  giving  the  greatest  strength  and  stiffness. 
For  large  hoisting  engines,  the  Corliss  valve  movement  is 
recommended  for  the  steam  cylinders,  but  quotations  will 
be  furnished  on  steam  cylinders  fitted  with  " balanced"  slide 
valves.  Where  it  is  practicable  to  hoist  in  balance,  and  where 
a  large  output  is  desired,  the  "first  motion"  hoist  is  advised. 
In  this  class  of  hoisting  engine  the  drum  or  drums  are  keyed 
to  a  very  heavy  engine  shaft,  the  wearing  surfaces,  espec- 
ially the  main  bearings,  are  made  of  liberal  area,  and  all 
through  the  engines  are  strongly  proportioned  to  stand 
severe  work.  Automatic  stops  are  provided,  which,  in  case 
of  overwinding,  shut  off  the  steam  and  apply  the  brakes  to 
the  drum.  Suitable  indicators  show  the  position  of  the 
cages  in  the  shaft.  These  engines  are  built  with  standard 
or  conical  drums  and  with  brakes  arranged  for  applying  by 
hand  or  steam  pressure  or  both.  In  many  cases  where  flat 
rope  is  employed,  the  drums  are  substituted  by  reels.  The 


148 


company  also  builds  geared  hoists  where  the  drums  are 
driven  by  carefully  proportioned  jaw  or  band  friction 
clutches  connected  to  the  engine  shaft. 

Herein  are  illustrated  only  a  few  of  the  different  styles 
of  Sullivan  Winding  Engines,  but  specifications  and  estimates 
will  be  furnished  for  any  proposition  of  hoisting  or  hauling 
about  mines,  and  particularly  hoisting  from  shafts  or  slopes, 
tail  or  endless  rope  haulage. 

If  interested  in  winding  engines,  send  for  the  special  cata- 
logue on  this  subject. 


149 


150 


n 


d 


x 


A                      i 

'age 

P 

Page 

Air  Compressors  

81 

Picks  

"32 

Air  Receivers  

107 

Pick  Machines      

j 
21 

C 

Postlude       .      •     

153 

Coal  Machines 

Electric  Chain  

43 

R 

Long  Wall    

61 

Receivers,  Air      

107 

Pick     

21 

Rock  Drills      

125 

Shearing  

35 

Code  Words  for  Coal  Mines  . 

67 

S 

Compressors,  Air      .... 

81 

Shearing  Machines  .... 

35 

Contract  Diamond  Drilling   . 

123 

Shearing  Wheels       .... 

3i 

D 

T 

Drills 

Tables 

Diamond       

in 

Air    Requirement   of    Ma- 

Rock     

125 

chines   

99 

Dumps,  Automatic  .... 

135 

Approximate    Analyses    of 

Coals     . 

77 

/  / 

. 

Electric  Chain  Machines  .     . 

43 

Average  Price  of  Coal    . 
Branch  Pipes 

78 

106 

Engines,  Winding     .... 
Equipment 
With  Diamond  Drills 

147 

Coal  Mined  by  Machines  in 
United  States     .     .     .     . 
Coal  Mined  by  Machines  in 

74 

116,  117, 
With  Electric  Chain  Machines 

122 
51 

United  States,  number  of 
Machines  

75 

With  Pick  Machines  .     .     . 

30 

Efficiency,  Air  Compressors 

9.8 

F 

Friction,  for  Air    . 

102 

Fans,  Mine      

141 

Mining  Scales   

71 

Power  to  Compress  Air 

98 

H 

Production     of    Coal     in 

Hoisting  Engines     .... 

147 

United   States,    Total      . 

73 

Hose,  Air    

•52 

j^ 

Production     of     Coal     in 

I 

United    States,    Percent- 

Introductory     

II 

age  Mined  by  Machines 

76 

Trucks 

L 

For  Pick  Machine      .     .     . 

33 

Long  Wall  Machine      .     .     . 

61 

Power,  for  Chain  Machine 

59 

M 

Standard,  for  Chain  Machine 

58 

Mining  Machines 

Electric  Chain  

43 

V 

Long  Wall    

61 

Ventilator  for  Mines.     . 

141 

Pick     

21 

Shearing      

35 

W 

Mining  Wheels     

3i 

Winding  Engines     .... 

147 

152 


u          d 


If  this  book  has  pleased  or  interested  you,  it  has  served 
its  mission  well,  and  acknowledgment  of  its  receipt  is 
respectfully  requested.  In  a  work  of  this  size  and  character 
errors  are  liable  to  creep  in  and  the  company  will  appreciate 
having  attention  called  to  them. 

Correspondence  in  reference  to  the  machines  herein 
illustrated  and  described  is  earnestly  solicited,  and  patrons 
may  be  assured  that  it  will  receive  prompt  and  courteous 
attention. 

SULLIVAN    MACHINERY   COMPANY. 


153 


Return  to  desk  from  which  borrowed. 


This  book  is  DUE  on 


the  last  date  stamped  below. 


LD21 


,10Om-ll,'49(B7l46S16)476 


•J 


